Chapter 8: Nutrition Pt.4

The Daily Values represent appropriate intake levels for a(n) _____ diet.

2,000-calorie

The Dietary Guidelines recommends that Americans consume less than _____ per day of sodium.

2,300 mg

Of the vitamins that humans need, how many are fat soluble?

4

Which of the following are part of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Adequate Intake (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

_____ is not an essential nutrient but does supply energy.

Alcohol

Why are there few irradiated foods on the market?

Consumers are resistant and skeptical.

Useful tools created by scientific and government groups for people who would like to have good nutrition include which of the following?

Dietary Guidelines for Americans MyPlate Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

_______ are electron-seeking compounds that can react with DNA, proteins, and fats, potentially mutating genes and damaging cell membranes.

Free radicals

_______ is the USDA food guidance system developed to help Americans put the Dietary Guidelines into action and make healthy food choices.

MyPlate

Based on new requirements, what must chain restaurants with 20 or more locations do?

Provide more detailed nutrition information about their menu.

The Daily Values are a simplified version of the...

Recommended Dietary Allowance.

Which of the following best defines functional foods?

They are foods that contain components that may provide positive health benefits.

True or false: Carbohydrates are used as fuel by the body during high-intensity exercise.

True.

In the DRI standards, when is an Adequate Intake set?

When there is not enough information to set a Recommended Dietary Allowance

If dietary supplements were regulated in the same way as FDA-approved medications, they would be required to...

be standardized for potency. show quality control during manufacturing. show proof of purity.

Which of the following may increase free radical production? (Choose every correct answer.)

breathing in car exhaust experiencing stress smoking cigarettes

The most common food additives are sugar, salt, and...

corn syrup.

Potential side effects of St. John's Wort include which of the following?

decreased effectiveness of drugs used to treat HIV infection increased skin sensitivity to sunlight decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives

True or false: Meat, fish, dairy, and eggs are prohibited from being designated organic.

false

What are the classes of essential nutrients that supply energy? (Choose every correct answer.)

fat protein carbohydrates

Lipids are another name for...

fats.

Pregnant women have different diets than other adults because they require extra...

folic acid.

Which of the following can be particularly good sources of daily water intake? (Choose every correct answer.)

fruits liquids vegetables

The DASH diet was specifically designed for those with...

hypertension.

Which of the following is an example of functional food?

iodized salt

Substances may be added to food to...

maintain freshness. modify their taste or appearance.

The most frequent causes of foodborne infection and hospitalizations are which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

norovirus Salmonella

A vegan diet includes...

nuts.

A disease-causing microorganism that contaminates food, usually from improper handling, is called a...

pathogen.

Fiber is a term for nondigestible...

plant carbohydrate

Which of the following are essential major minerals? (Choose every correct answer.)

potassium sodium calcium

What are two major roles of fat in the body?

protect organs supply energy

Irradiation is used in food processing to...

reduce spoilage. exterminate harmful pathogens. extend shelf life.

The DASH diet pays special attention to limiting...

sodium.

People need carbohydrates in their diets because carbohydrates...

supply energy to cells.

Presently, pregnant and breastfeeding women are often encouraged to...

take a nutrient supplement. follow a special diet.

Consumers of supplements can get reliable or consistent information about supplements from...

talking with their doctor or dietitian. reading supplements' labels.

The MyPlate food guidance system is issued by...

the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Food labels on processed foods in the United States must indicate...

the serving size for the food.

For people who choose to consume alcohol, the Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake to moderate levels, meaning...

up to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

Based on the changes to food labels announced in 2016, which vitamins and minerals are required on the new label format? (Choose every correct answer.)

vitamin D iron potassium calcium

Organic compounds required by the body to regulate cellular processes are...

vitamins.

How does MyPlate function?

It guides you in using the five food groups to build a healthy meal.

To be certified as organic, foods must be produced and handled under strict guidelines related to the type and use of...

antibiotics. hormones. pesticides.

Protein intake goals can be calculated by multiplying your body weight in pounds by...

0.36

The Dietary Guidelines recommendation for saturated fat intake is to limit consumption to less than _____ of total calories per day.

10%

When did calorie information for restaurants and vending machines become a requirement?

2018

If you weigh 145 pounds, your protein intake goal should be about _____ grams per day.

52

Recommended daily intake of water from beverages is ______ for women and ______ for men.

9 cups; 13 cups

Essential nutrients are called essential because your body...

cannot manufacture them quickly enough to meet your physiological needs.

What does fiber in the diet do? (Choose every correct answer.)

provides bulk in feces facilitates elimination

Which of the following are dietary supplements?

enzymes herbs vitamins

Which of the following foods does not require a nutrition label in the United States?

fresh spinach

Irina eats plant foods, dairy products, and eggs, but no meat. This makes Irina a...

lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

Inorganic compounds needed by the body to help release energy and maintain tissues are...

minerals.

What is the standard for the Estimate Average Requirement (EAR) in the DRIs?

the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group