Chapter 8
Along with iron, which minerals are associated with hemoglobin and the ability of the body's red blood cells to carry oxygen? a. Copper and zinc b. Selenium and phosphorus c. Chromium and magnesium d. Sulfur and iodine e. Phosphorus and chromium
A
Brodie's doctor wants his blood pressure to be reduced because his systolic pressure is too high. What does systolic pressure measure? a. The force exerted by the heart as it contracts to pump blood throughout the body. b. The pressure the blood exerts on artery walls between heart beats. c. The force the blood exerts as it flows through the lungs. d. The pressure of the blood as it rushes to the brain. e. The ratio of contracted heart pressure to artery wall pressure.
A
Michael is trying to eat less sodium by preparing more meals at home. Which of the following meals would be a good choice? a. Grilled chicken, brown rice, and sautéed green beans b. Smoked ham with roasted sweet potatoes and a salad c. Blackened fish and hushpuppies with ketchup d. Frozen organic cheese pizza with a salad e. Chicken noodle soup with fresh fruit and corn muffins
A
The loss of ________ from dehydration that may occur as a result of fasting, severe diarrhea, or severe vomiting may lead to sudden death likely due to heart failure. a. potassium b. magnesium c. selenium d. chloride e. chromium
A
What item is a good food source of copper? a. Whole grains b. Nuts c. Citrus fruits d. Deep orange vegetables e. Dairy products
A
Which drug can be administered as a nasal spray to inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts? a. Calcitonin b. Prednisone c. DEXA d. Teriparatide (Forteo) e. Oxytocin
A
Which food is fortified with iodine to prevent deficiencies? a. Salt b. Milk c. Butter and margarine d. Breads and cereals e. Orange juice
A
Which individual would be at the lowest risk for osteoporosis? a. Joe, who walks for 1 hour, 3 times each week b. Jill, who has a glass of wine every day after work c. Stephanie, whose mother and grandmother broke their hips d. Mark, who had a kidney transplant 2 years ago e. Rachel, who has athletic amenorrhea
A
___ gives bones and teeth their rigidity and is part of the genetic makeup of every cell in the body. a. Phosphorus b. Iodine c. Zinc d. Potassium e. Chromium
A
A diet which overemphasizes ____ is likely to lead to a(n) ____ deficiency in children. a. cereals; potassium b. milk; iron c. vegetables; sodium d. dried beans; potassium e. meat; chloride
B
Margaret weighs 130 pounds and is at a healthy body weight for her height. Approximately what portion of her weight is composed of water? a. 26 pounds b. 52 pounds c. 65 pounds d. 78 pounds e. 100 pounds
D
Selenium is required for the production of the active form of ____ and also functions as a(n) ____. a. vitamin D; antioxidant b. thyroid hormone; electrolyte c. vitamin E; cofactor d. thyroid hormone; antioxidant e. heme iron; stimulant
D
Sodium intake should be limited to ______ or less for those who are age 51 and older and those of any age who are African American or have high blood pressure. a. 800 mg b. 1,000 mg c. 1,200 mg d. 1,500 mg e. 2,300 mg
D
The most reliable source of fluoride is ____. a. meats and whole-grain cereals b. iodized salt c. dark green vegetables d. public water e. milk and milk products
D
Two natural compounds found in food that inhibit mineral absorption from the gastrointestinal tract are ____. a. amino acids and phytates b. oxylates and polysaccharides c. table salt and vitamin D d. phytates and oxalates e. pectin and vitamin C
D
Iodine has a role in maintaining the basal metabolic rate. a. True b. False
True
Minerals are different than vitamins in that they contribute directly to the building of body structures. a. True b. False
True
Most Americans consume almost double the sodium recommended as the Adequate Intake (AI). a. True b. False
True
Most all protein foods are good sources of zinc. a. True b. False
True
Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in the body is in the bones. a. True b. False
True
Osteoblasts are the bone-building cells of the body. a. True b. False
True
Peak bone mass marks the point where bones are the strongest and most dense. a. True b. False
True
Pregnancy and lactation decrease the calcium reserves in bones whenever calcium intake is inadequate. a. True b. False
True
Rinsing canned beans reduce sodium content of the beans. a. True b. False
True
Skin, hair, and nails tend to have high sulfur content. a. True b. False
True
The DASH diet is a good eating plan to reduce risk of hypertension, as well as heart disease and diabetes. a. True b. False
True
The only trace mineral that acts as an antioxidant in the body is selenium. a. True b. False
True
Vitamins are organic compounds whereas minerals are inorganic compounds. a. True b. False
True
Water is essential for life and is the body's most needed nutrient. a. True b. False
True
Gertrude has a young son named Ben, and wants to know how to make sure he grows strong bones. Ben's pediatrician advises her to include calcium-rich foods in his daily diet so he can attain a high bone mass. Why is this so important? a. Calcium is only deposited in the bones during childhood. b. Bone mass is the main factor influencing bone health. c. Calcium intake is the only factor that significantly affects bone health. d. Bones are rigid structures that never change once they grow. e. Bone mass can be steadily increased throughout the course of a lifetime.
B
Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus play a major role in ____. a. carbohydrate metabolism b. the distribution of water inside and outside body cells c. regulating insulin production d. the production of thyroid hormones e. muscle contraction and relaxation
B
What is the main risk factor linked to hypertension? a. Drinking alcohol b. Obesity c. Sodium intake d. High calcium intake e. Exercising only twice per week
B
Which food provides iron in the most absorbable form? a. Spinach b. Hamburger c. Rice d. Peas e. Iron-fortified baby cereal
B
Which food would enhance iron absorption from the intestinal tract when eaten with a food rich in nonheme iron? a. Chocolate b. Strawberries c. Red wine d. Milk e. Brown rice
B
Which is not a common characteristic seen in high sodium diets? a. They are high in dairy foods. b. They are high in whole foods. c. They are low in whole foods. d. They are high in processed foods. e. They are high in potassium.
B
Which of the following is a major function of chloride? a. Participates in wound healing b. Contributes the stomach secretions c. Acts as a principal intercellular electrolyte d. Protects against bone loss e. Supports immune system functioning
B
Which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is not correct? a. A lifelong intake of foods low in sodium and high in potassium is associated with a decreased risk of hypertension. b. A lifelong intake of foods high in sodium and high in potassium is associated with a increased risk of hypertension. c. Foods high in sodium like processed foods are usually low in potassium. d. A low potassium intake combined with a high sodium intake is a factor that leads to high blood pressure. e. Potassium and sodium appear to have opposite effects on hypertension.
B
_____ is a calcium supplement that tends to be better absorbed, especially by older people whose secretion of stomach acid tends to be reduced. a. Oyster shell calcium b. Calcium citrate c. Calcium lactate d. Calcium bicarbonate e. Calcium phosphate
B
Consuming two cups of milk provides _____ of calcium. a. 150 b. 300 c. 600 d. 850 e. 1,200
C
Cortical bone is ____. a. relied on first as a source of calcium for the blood b. sponge-like in appearance c. the thick, ivory-like outer portion of bone d. the lacy network of crystals forming the interior of bone e. the site where new blood cells are produced
C
Cretinism is severe mental and physical retardation of an infant due to a lack of ______ while the mother was pregnant. a. iron b. folate c. iodine d. selenium e. potassium
C
How do body cells keep the right amount of water inside themselves? a. By releasing hormones to regulate fluid balance b. By changing their electrical charges c. By pumping ions across their membranes d. By pumping water across their membranes e. By adjusting the pH level of interstitial fluids
C
Most sodium in the typical U.S. diet comes from _________ . a. unprocessed foods b. salt added during cooking c. processed foods d. soft water e. milk
C
Peak bone mass is reached at approximately ____ years of age. a. 13 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50
C
People from which ethnic background tend to have the lowest risk for osteoporosis? a. Chinese b. Japanese c. African American d. British e. Northern European
C
Retarded growth and sexual development in a child may be due to a ________. a. chromium deficiency b. fluoride toxicity c. zinc deficiency d. iodine deficiency e. cadmium overload
C
Sharon is an 18-year-old college student who drinks soda at lunch, at dinner, and with snacks. You notice that she rarely drinks milk and suggest that she start because the calcium recommendation for someone 9 to 18 years of age is ____. a. 500 mg per day b. 800 mg per day c. 1,000 mg per day d. 1,300 mg per day e. 1,600 mg per day.
C
The trace mineral ______ works closely with insulin to help the cells take up glucose. a. zinc b. selenium c. chromium d. iodine e. phosphorus
C
While waiting for a prescription to be filled, Dan decides to measure his blood pressure using the automated machine in the pharmacy. His blood pressure reading is 140 over 92 millimeters of mercury. He knows he has a few pounds to lose but has never known his blood pressure. Before returning home he goes to a fast-food restaurant and enjoys a cheeseburger and fries. At home, Dan tells his wife, Tracy, about his findings and waits for her response. Let's see if you know as much as Tracy about the implications of blood pressure. 37. Dan has been working hard to eat a lower sodium diet, lose weight, and exercise. He goes back to the doctor 2 months later and his blood pressure is 130 over 85 millimeters of mercury. How would his blood pressure be categorized now? a. Low blood pressure b. Optimal blood pressure c. Prehypertension d. High blood pressure e. Near-optimal blood pressure
C
While waiting for a prescription to be filled, Dan decides to measure his blood pressure using the automated machine in the pharmacy. His blood pressure reading is 140 over 92 millimeters of mercury. He knows he has a few pounds to lose but has never known his blood pressure. Before returning home he goes to a fast-food restaurant and enjoys a cheeseburger and fries. At home, Dan tells his wife, Tracy, about his findings and waits for her response. Let's see if you know as much as Tracy about the implications of blood pressure. 74. Which eating plan should Dan try to follow? a. A diet high in saturated fat and high in soluble fiber b. A diet low in potassium and high in dairy c. A diet high in produce and whole grains and low in total fat d. A diet low in calories and starches e. A diet high in potassium and low in complex carbohydrates
C
____ helps maintain the strong acidity in the stomach and the appropriate balance of acids and bases in the blood. a. Phosphorus b. Selenium c. Chloride d. Sodium e. Chromium
C
____ is caused by an iodine deficiency. a. Anemia b. Edema c. Goiter d. Hypertension e. Osteoporosis
C
_____ control(s) the water balance between body cells and their environment. a. Temperature b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Fiber e. Glucose
C
_______ causes muscles to relax after contractions, helps tooth enamel to retain calcium, and is found in nuts, dark green vegetables, seafood, and chocolate. a. Fluoride b. Potassium c. Magnesium d. Zinc e. Iodine
C
Fluoride deficiency is best known to cause ____. a. mottling of teeth b. osteoporosis c. muscular dystrophy d. dental decay e. heart disease
D
Which description is a sure way to tell that you have high blood pressure? a. You stand up and get a bit dizzy. b. Your arm is numb when you wake up in the morning. c. Your parents had high blood pressure. d. You have it measured and it is rated as elevated. e. You eat salty snacks two or more times per week.
D
Which food would not be a good source of sulfur? a. Milk b. Fish c. Eggs d. Spinach e. Beef
D
Which is not a nutrient or compound that impairs iron absorption? a. Fiber b. Tannins c. Calcium d. Vitamin C e. Zinc
D
Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium? a. Berries and almonds b. Pasta and rice c. Enriched breads d. Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach e. Seafood
D
While waiting for a prescription to be filled, Dan decides to measure his blood pressure using the automated machine in the pharmacy. His blood pressure reading is 140 over 92 millimeters of mercury. He knows he has a few pounds to lose but has never known his blood pressure. Before returning home he goes to a fast-food restaurant and enjoys a cheeseburger and fries. At home, Dan tells his wife, Tracy, about his findings and waits for her response. Let's see if you know as much as Tracy about the implications of blood pressure. 57. While out for dinner with Tracy, what choice would help Dan lower his sodium intake? a. Order Asian cuisine without heavy cream sauces. b. Use ketchup on his food rather than mayonnaise. c. Request his food be cooked with spices such as MSG. d. Order an omelet made with fresh tomatoes and herbs instead of ham. e. Use the salt shaker at the table and add salt according to personal taste.
D
While waiting for a prescription to be filled, Dan decides to measure his blood pressure using the automated machine in the pharmacy. His blood pressure reading is 140 over 92 millimeters of mercury. He knows he has a few pounds to lose but has never known his blood pressure. Before returning home he goes to a fast-food restaurant and enjoys a cheeseburger and fries. At home, Dan tells his wife, Tracy, about his findings and waits for her response. Let's see if you know as much as Tracy about the implications of blood pressure. 83. How would Dan's blood pressure be interpreted? a. Low blood pressure b. Optimal blood pressure c. Prehypertension d. High blood pressure (hypertension) e. Near-optimal pressure
D
___ is the most needed nutrient by the body and is indispensable to life. a. Calcium b. Phosphorus c. Iron d. Water e. Potassium
D
____ is a mineral that is critical to the synthesis of thyroid hormones. a. Iron b. Copper c. Magnesium d. Iodine e. Zinc
D
_____ is a binder that is found in milk that hinders zinc absorption. a. Chlorine b. Calcium c. EDTA d. Casein e. Iron
D
The DASH eating pattern was designed to prevent _______. a. dehydration b. heartburn c. diabetes d. osteoporosis e. hypertension
E
The term "contamination iron" refers to the ____. a. iron added to fortified foods b. amount of iron that is toxic when too much is ingested c. iron added to multivitamin supplements d. iron children ingest when eating paint chips e. dietary iron obtained when cooking in iron cookware
E
Which individual is probably least susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia? a. A 30-year-old female b. A kindergartener c. A 2-year-old toddler d. A female vegetarian making minimum wage e. A 30-year-old businessman
E
Which is not a body function that copper is involved in? a. Manufacturing hemoglobin b. Producing collagen c. Maintaining sheaths around nerve fibers d. Healing wounds e. Taste perception
E
While waiting for a prescription to be filled, Dan decides to measure his blood pressure using the automated machine in the pharmacy. His blood pressure reading is 140 over 92 millimeters of mercury. He knows he has a few pounds to lose but has never known his blood pressure. Before returning home he goes to a fast-food restaurant and enjoys a cheeseburger and fries. At home, Dan tells his wife, Tracy, about his findings and waits for her response. Let's see if you know as much as Tracy about the implications of blood pressure. 48. Are there symptoms for high blood pressure that Dan should watch for? a. Rapid heartbeat and respiration b. Lightheadedness and jitteriness c. Apathy and loss of appetite d. Heart flutters and chest pains e. There are no symptoms.
E
All forms of table salt sold are iodized. a. True b. False
False
All public water in the United States is fluoridated. a. True b. False
False
Choose a calcium supplement derived from dolomite, oyster shell, or bone meal when selecting a calcium supplement. a. True b. False
False
Consuming foods high in vitamin C reduces the amount of iron that the body absorbs. a. True b. False
False
Engaging in weight-bearing exercises can increase the risk for osteoporosis. a. True b. False
False
Iron deficiencies are more common in men than women. a. True b. False
False
Of the two forms of iron found in foods, nonheme iron is more reliably absorbed than is heme iron. a. True b. False
False
Potassium deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. a. True b. False
False
Since zinc is stored in the liver, it can be replenished by consuming good sources only occasionally. a. True b. False
False
The DASH diet resembles a low-carbohydrate diet, low-sodium diet that is high in protein. a. True b. False
False
The chief mineral in bones and teeth is phosphorus. a. True b. False
False
The trace minerals are needed in minute amounts in the body, so deficiencies rarely ever occur. a. True b. False
False
A sedentary lifestyle can lead to bone loss. a. True b. False
True
Aside from malnutrition, blood loss is the primary reason for iron deficiency. a. True b. False
True
Calcium is required for transmission of nerve impulses. a. True b. False
True
Fresh and canned vegetables vary in zinc content, depending on the soil in which they are grown. a. True b. False
True
