Chapter 8--Organizing and Outlining

Parallel Structure

Main points that are worded using the same structure.

General Purpose Statement

The overarching goal of a speech; for instance, to inform, to persuade, to inspire, to celebrate, to mourn, or to entertain.

Preparation Outline

A full-sentence outline that is used during the planning stages to flesh out ideas, arrange main points, and to rehearse the speech; could be used as a script if presenting a manuscript style speech.

Sub-Points

Information that is used to support the main points of a speech.

What is the difference between a general and specific purpose statement? Write examples of each for each of these topics: dog training, baking a cake, climate change.

A general purpose statement of a speech may be to inform, to persuade, to inspire, to celebrate, to mourn, or to entertain. A specific purpose statement focuses on one of these goals.

Thesis Statement

A one or two sentence encapsulation of the main points of a speech, also called the central idea.

Specific Purpose Statement

A sentence or two that describe precisely what the speech is intended to do

Topical Speech

A speech in which main points are developed separately and are generally connected together within the introduction and conclusion

Problem-Solution Speech

A speech in which problems and solutions are presented alongside one another with a clear link between a problem and its solution.

Spatial Speech

A speech in which the main points are arranged according to their physical and geographic relationships.

Chronological Speech

A speech in which the main points are delivered according to when they happened and could be traced on a calendar or clock

Comparative Speech

A speech in which two or more objects , ideas, beliefs, events, places, or things are compared or contrasted with one another

Refutation Speech

A speech that anticipates the audience's opposition, then brings attention to the tensions between the two sides, and finally refutes them using evident support.

Causal Speech

A speech that informs audience members about causes and effects that have already happened.

Speaking Outline

A succinct outline that uses words or short phrases to represent the components of a speech and that is used during speech delivery

How does the thesis statement differ from the specific purpose statement?

A thesis statement is designed to be only one to two sentences long. A specific purpose statement is not bound by length and instead is designed to outline your entire presentation

Signposts

According to Beebe and Beebe, "words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points."

Rhetorical Situation

According to Lloyd Bitzer. "A complex of persons, events, object, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if docurse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence"

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

An organization style that is designed to motivate the audience to take a particular action and is characterized by a five-step sequence: (1) attention, (2) need, (3) satisfaction, (4) visualization, and (5) action appeal.

Which speech organization style arranges points by time? Which one arranges points by direction? Which one arranges points according to a five-step sequence?

Chronological arranges points by time. Spatial arranges points by direction. _____________ arranges points according to a five-step sequence.

Outline

Hierarchical textual arrangement of all the various elements of a speech.

Transitional Elements

Phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct but connected idea to another.

Internal Previews

Short descriptions of what s speaker will do and say during a speech; may be at the beginning and within the body of a speech.

Summaries

Short recaps of what has already been said; used to remind the audience of the points already addressed.

Define signpost. What are three types of signposts?

Signpost-words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points 1- Transitional statements 2-internal previews 3-summaries

Organizational Styles

Templates for organizing the main points of a speech that are rooted in traditions of public discourse and can jumpstart the speechwriting process.

Main Points

The key pieces of information or arguments contained within a talk or presentation.

What is the correct format for a speech outline?

Title Topic Specific Purpose Statement Thesis Statement Introduction Body Conclusion Bibliography

Name three questions you should ask yourself when selecting a topic

What important events are occurring locally, nationally and internationally? What do I car about most? Is there someone or something I can advocate for? What makes me angry/happy? What beliefs/attitudes do I want to share? Is there some information the audience needs to know?

Which speech organization styles are best suited for persuasive speeches?

__________ is best suited for persuasive speeches.