Chapter 8 social EC

sensorimotor play

behavior engaged in by infants that lets them derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas.

social cognitive theory of gender

A theory emphasizing that children's gender development occurs through the observation and imitation of gender behavior and through the rewards and punishments children experience for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior.

gender typing

Acquisitions of a traditional masculine or feminine role

moral development

Development that involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people.

autonomous morality

In Piaget's theory, older children become aware that rules and laws are created by people and that in judging an action one should consider the actors intentions as well as the consequence

self-understanding

The child's cognitive representation of self, the substance and content of the childs self-conceptions.

authoritarian parenting

a restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and to respect their work and effort. The authoritarian parent places firm limits and controls on the child and allows little verbal exchange. This type of parenting is associated with children's social incompetence.

gender role

a set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should think, act, and feel.

indulgent parenting

a style of parenting in which parents are highly involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them. Associated with children's social incompetence, especially a lack of self-control.

neglectful parenting

a style of parenting in which the parents is uninvolved in the child's life; it is associated with children's social incompetence, especially in lack of self-control

psychoanalytic theory of gender

a theory deriving from Freuds view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parents, by approximately 5 or 6 years of age renounces this attraction because of anxious feelings, and subsequently identifies with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parents characteristics.

social role theory

a theory that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women.

games

activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals

conscience

as internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integrating moral thought, feeling and behavior.

pretense/symbolic play

play in which the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol.

practice play

play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports.

constructive play

play the combines sensorimotor and repetitive activity with symbolic representation of ideas. Occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation or construction of a product or a solution.

social play

play the involves social interactions with peers

co-parenting

support parents provide for each other in jointly raising their children

immanent justice

the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately.

heteronomous morality

the first stage of moral development in Piaget's theory, occurring from approximately 4 to 7 years of age. Justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people.

gender identity

the sense of being male or female, which most children acquire by the time they are 3 years old.