Chapter 8 TEST: Cellular Respiration:How CEells Make ATP: Energy-Releasing Pathways Biology 1306
After the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules have been produced from one glucose molecule?
four
Which reactant of aerobic respiration is oxidized?
glucose
Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?
glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids
Which molecule contains the least stored chemical energy?
lactate
Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell?
mitochondrial matrix
During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:
are transferred to an organic molecule.
During aerobic respiration, nutrients are ____ to carbon dioxide and water.
catabolized
Peter Mitchell demonstrated ATP production by aerobic bacteria to prove what process?
chemiosmosis
In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur?
cytosol
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.
Which of the following is an end product of glycolysis?
ATP
In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:
ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP.
How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration utilizes NO3− as the terminal electron acceptor.
Aerobic respiration is regulated by the binding of ATP or AMP to what enzyme?
phosphofructokinase
During the first phase of glycolysis, because glucose is relatively stable and not easily broken down, two ____ reactions take place to transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the sugar.
phosphorylation
The energy released during the chain of electron transport molecules is used to create a(n) ____ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane for chemiosmosis.
proton
During aerobic respiration, what molecule is degraded for the formation of acetyl coenzyme A?
pyruvate
In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted into two three-carbon molecules of:
pyruvate.
A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:
the citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of ____ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
two
Alcohol is the end product of fermentation by what type of organism?
yeast
What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration?
To form ATP
If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to ____ and then to ____.
acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol
Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:
are deaminated.
Which of the following steps in the citric acid cycle directly produces a molecule of ATP (or GTP)?
succinyl CoA → succinate
What is the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure?
the energy investing phase of glycolysis
In glycolysis, glucose receives two phosphate groups from ____, thus forming fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate.
ATP
Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?
ATP synthesis associated with the electron transport chain is an example of substrate level phosphorylation.
Which reaction is the aerobic respiration of glucose?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy
Why must the transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration take place in a series of steps?
The energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP.
