Chapter 8.1 How Memory Functions

Compare & contrast, Implicit & explicit Memory

Both are types of lTM. Explicity memories are memories we consciously try to remember & recall. Explicit memory is a declarative memory,

According to Atkinson-Shiffring Model, name, & describe the three stages of memory?

Memory is processed in (3) stages. 1 Sensory memory(brief 1-2 sec) Short-term memory can hold appx 7 bits of info, & LTM is the permanent storage stage: Capacity unlimited.

recall

accessing info without cues

retrieval

act of getting info out of long-term memory storage & back into conscious awareness.

memory consolidation

active rehearsal to move & information from short-term memory into long-term memory

rehearsal

conscious repetition of information to be remembered

Long-term Memory (LTM)

continuous storage of information

storage

creation of a permanent record of information

effortful processing

encoding of information that takes effort & attention

automatic processing

encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, & the meaning of words

The 3 functions of memory are?

encoding, storage, & retrieval.

The storage capacity of long-term memory is?

essential limitless

recognition

identifying previously learned info after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue.

visual encoding

input of images.

encoding

input of information into the memory system.

Acoustic encoding

input of sounds, words, and music

semantic encoding

input of words & their meaning.

Memory

is the set of processes used to encode, store, & retrieve info over different periods of time

relearning

learning info that was previously learned

implicit memory

memories that are not part of our consciousness.

explicit memory

memories we consciously try to remember & recall.

Atkinson-Shiffring Model (A-S)

memory model that states we process information through (3) systems: Sensory, short-term, & long-term.

Sensory memory

storage of brief sensory events, such as sounds, & tables.

memory

system of process that stores what we learn for future use.

Semantic memory

type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and Language-based knowledge & facts.

episodic memory

type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced. AKA autobiographical memory.

procedural memory

type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as hot to brush your teeth, and how to swim or how to drive a car.

declarative memory

type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience

What is another name for short-term memory?

working memory