Chapter 9-12 MT
As compared to the North, the Old South had a higher
murder rate.
How many public water systems were operating in the United States by 1860?
68
Which of the following quotations is not correctly paired with its source?
"Our Union: It must be preserved." John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest was drawn up in opposition to the
"Tariff of Abominations."
In 1851, the editor of the American Railroad Journal wrote that the locomotive had become
"the great agent of civilization."
How did the Waltham and Lowell textile mills compare to Slater's mills in Rhode Island?
80 percent of the workers were unmarried women in the Waltham and Lowell mills, while the Rhode Island mills employed families.
Which of the following was a distinctive characteristic of the election of 1840?
80 percent voter turnout among white males
In 1860, what percentage of southern whites owned at least one slave?
25 percent
What were the annual expenditures of working-class families in New York City and Philadelphia circa 1850?
500-600 dollars
Of the 10 million to 12 million Africans imported to the New World between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries, how many were shipped to North America?
550,000
Approximately what proportion of well-off people in the 1830s did not move "from rags to riches" but were born rich?
90%
Why were there fewer slave rebellions in the Old South than elsewhere in the Americas?
A formidable white population was able to quickly suppress rumored rebellions.
What is a "pidgin"?
A language without native speakers that allows people of different languages to communicate.
Which of the following described the trend in housing in rural communities?
A shift from log cabins to balloon-frame houses
What is a "pidgin'?
A simplified language form for communication between people who speak different native languages
The banjo was an instrument originally from
Africa
What was the first black-run Protestant denomination?
African Methodist Episcopal Church
All of the following were inventions of the antebellum period that were mass-produced and/or widely used in the 1840s and 1850s except
Alexander Graham Bell's telephone.
How did technology transform Americans' leisure practices?
Americans came to rely on recreation methods that were manufactured and sold.
Which candidate in the presidential election of 1824 gained the majority of popular votes?
Andrew Jackson
Why weren't there more slave revolts in the Old South?
Blacks were outnumbered by whites almost everywhere in the South and lacked allies and guns.
Which of the following similarities existed between African religions and Evangelical Christianity?
Both drew few distinctions between the sacred and the secular.
How did the Erie Canal affect urbanization?
By shifting economic activity from the river cities to Great Lakes cities
Which of the following was not a familiar white defense of the institution of slavery?
Claiming that blacks were dangerous and mischievous creatures that needed to be kept in captivity.
What was outwork?
Collaboration between households or artisans and factories to produce goods for market
Which groups formed the core of Whig support nationwide?
Commercial farmers, merchants, and bankers
Which of the following aggravated tensions between Andrew Jackson and his vice-president John C. Calhoun in 1830?
Confirmation that Calhoun had urged Jackson's punishment for his unauthorized raid into Spanish Florida in 1818
In 1860, which crop consumed most of the acreage in the Old South?
Corn
What crop added value to cotton production?
Corn
The invention of what device stimulated settlement of the Old Southwest?
Cotton Gin
Andrew Jackson ran for president in 1828 as a member of which party?
Democratic
Which of the following was most responsible for the spread of cotton growing into the old Southwest?
Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin
How many slaves did most slaveholders own in 1860?
Fewer than twenty
How did industrialization change American life?
Former luxury goods became cheaper.
What is specie?
Hard gold or silver coinage
Which of the following statements about William Lloyd Garrison is incorrect?
He favored removal of freed blacks from the United States to colonies in Africa.
Who were the players in the alleged "corrupt bargain" in the election of 1824?
Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams
Which of the following writers defended the right to disobey unjust laws, criticized the materialism of American society, and doubted the beneficial effects of technological advances?
Henry David Thoreau
Which of the following characterized plantation agriculture?
High degree of division of labor
In 1857 a book calling on nonslaveholding southern whites to abolish slavery in their own interest was published by
Hinton R. Helper
What was the first American-grown movement in painting?
Hudson River School
Which of the following combinations of inventors and technological innovations is incorrect?
Isaac M. Singer - the telegraph.
How did the federal government spur western expansion and settlement?
It built the National Road from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.
Which of the following statements about transcendentalism is incorrect?
It claimed that great literature must conform to universal standards of form and beauty.
How did the splits of several denominations into northern and southern wings affect black spirituality in the South?
It encouraged white Christians to convert slaves.
Which of the following statements about the Erie Canal is correct?
It linked New York City through inland waterways to Ohio and made the city a major outlet for midwestern produce.
How did railroad expansion change the economy of New York City?
It made New York City the center of investment firms.
How much money would an average New York working-class family have left of a man's average annual income after spending money on food, rent, clothing, and fuel?
It would be $200 to $300 in debt.
What was the term for live shows of white men in blackface?
Minstrel shows
Which of the following statements about the Hudson River school of painters is incorrect?
Its members painted only landscapes of the Hudson River and its vicinity
When Adams' supporters attacked Andrew Jackson for being an illiterate backwoodsman,
Jackson only gained in popularity for his role as a common man.
Which of the following writers introduced into fiction the character of the American frontiersman and the theme of conflict between primitive life in the wilderness and the advance of civilization?
James Fenimore Cooper
Which of the following was a controversial claim of Mormonism?
Jesus had appeared and performed miracles in the New World.
Which of the following is true about the "middling classes" in antebellum years?
Life for the middling classes was often unpredictable.
What transcendentalist writer turned her beliefs into a profession in nineteenth-century Boston?
Margaret Fuller
Which of the following recognized that the run-up to the 1828 election was shaping a new political system?
Martin van Buren
What was the most popular type of theater in the antebellum United States?
Melodrama
Which of the following was NOT a factor that drove industrialization?
Merchants barred from export by the Embargo Act directed their capital into western agriculture.
Which of the following was true of economic mobility in the early nineteenth century?
Millions experienced an improved standard of living, yet the gap between rich and poor widened; Fewer than 5 percent of wealthy people had started off poor.
How did the women's rights movement differ from other nineteenth-century reform movements?
More limited short-term success
How did the South and New England compare in their commitment to industrialization?
New England invested in factories and machines, while the South invested in land and slaves.
Which of the following cities declined in importance as a commercial center because of the railroad building that took place in the 1840s and 1850s?
New Orleans
Why did it become more difficult for eastern farmers to compete in the marketplace between 1815 and 1840?
New farms in the West were adding crops that easily reached the market with improved transportation.
Which of the following statements about the professions in the late 1840s is correct?
No state required a person to have medical education or a license to be a doctor.
What were the four main social groups among southern whites?
Planters, small slaveholders, yeomen, and pine barrens folk
What was the result of Marshall's decision in Worcester v. Georgia?
President Jackson ignored the ruling and the Cherokees were removed to Oklahoma via the Trail of Tears.
Who dismissed Sylvester Graham as "the prophet of bran bread and pumpkins"?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
All of the following were founded as utopian communities except
Rochester, New York.
How did courtship and marriage change with the rise of the market economy and industrialization in antebellum America?
Romantic love increasingly determined marital decisions.
What philosophical movement contributed to the American Renaissance in literature and art?
Romanticism
Approximately how much alcohol did the average adult male consume in 1825?
Seven gallons, mostly whiskey and hard cider
What did Frederick Douglass say about slaves singing?
Singing is a sign of the slave's unhappiness
Which of the following is most accurate about slaves' relationship to Christianity?
Some privately interpreted Christianity as a religion of liberation, but most recognized that their prospects for freedom were slight.
Which of the following was not a reason why outsiders tended to dismiss the South as backward?
Southerners showed no interest in making money and proved inept at managing complex commercial enterprises.
Which of the following was not a factor in the increasing unity of Lower and Upper South?
Southerners universally rejected railroads and opposed any type of industrialization.
What is the practice of awarding presidential appointments on the basis of party loyalty?
Spoils system
How did the development of canals and railroads differ?
State governments built canals, while private companies built railroads.
Which major issues divided abolitionists in the first half of the eighteenth century?
Strategy and the role of women
Which of the following describes agricultural practices in the Upper South?
The Upper South had a diverse agriculture that included tobacco, wheat, hemp, and vegetables.
Which of the following was the least important factor shaping the experiences of slaves?
The kindness or cruelty of masters.
With what social group did the Unitarians find the most success?
Wealthy and educated New Englanders
Which of the following statements about African Americans living in the North between 1815 and 1840 is correct?
Their response to white imposed segregation and discrimination was to build their own separate institutions, such as the AME church.
Which of the following characterized slave-family networks?
They emphasized ties between children and multiple other relatives as well as parents and fictive kin
All of the following is true of Irish immigrants in the 1840s, except
They quickly came to staff the majority of police posts in the city of New York.
Which of the following is not true about Methodists?
They rejected American revivalism.
What set the Waltham and Lowell factories apart from Slater's mills?
They turned out more finished products.
What did Henry David Thoreau think was wrong with Americans?
They turned themselves into machines to acquire pointless wealth.
Which of the following statements about white people of the pine barrens is incorrect?
They usually worked for the planters as tenant farmers, sharecroppers, or overseers.
Which of the following was not true about the new balloon-frame houses that began to replace log cabins in the antebellum years?
They were more expensive to build.
Which of the following was a characteristic of the penny press?
They were sold on street corners by newsboys.
Which of the following characterized the typical slave in 1850?
They worked on a large farm or plantation with at least ten other slaves.
What part of the United States was called the "Burned-Over District" because of the fervor of religious revival?
Western New York
What group of emigrants was called "Butternuts" after they migrated west?
Those from the Upland South to southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois
How were women usually involved in public life during this era?
Through voluntary associations
Which of the following was the limiting factor in southern industrialization?
Unwillingness to sell slaves to raise capital
In 1790, one of three Southerners lived in
Virginia.
What was the key crop in the Midwest in the mid-nineteenth century?
Wheat
The first general strike in the United States began
When coal heavers in Philadelphia struck for a ten-hour day.
How did President Jackson try to kill the Bank of the United States?
Withdrawing federal deposits and moving them to state banks
What diseases killed one-fifth of New Orleans' population in 1832-33?
Yellow fever and cholera
Opponents called Andrew Jackson's practice of rewarding political supporters with public office
a spoils system.
The 1840s and 1850s in the United States were characterized by all of the following except
advances in medical knowledge that lessened the danger and frequency of epidemics.
The American Temperance Society advocated that people abstain from
alcohol
Which of the following was not an issue Locofocos were working toward?
an end to all tariffs
Antebellum theaters in the United States
appealed to a mass audience
Minstrel shows in antebellum urban America
bolstered white Americans' sense of superiority and diminished black Americans
The immediate result of Jackson's distribution of federal funds to state banks was to
bring about rapid economic expansion, speculation, and inflation.
The Shakers
carefully separated the sleeping quarters of men and women.
By the mid-1830s which of the following accounted for two-thirds of America's exports?
cotton
The fierce tug of war between Republicans and Federalists that began in the 1790s had taught both parties to
court voters
Martin Van Buren did not
defect to the newly formed Whig party in protest over Andrew Jackson's handling of the nullification crisis.
In antebellum America, technology was widely considered to be
democratic
Most blacks in the antebellum South
drew from Christianity the view that slavery was an affliction to test their faith and for which masters would be punished.
As late as 1860, industrial establishments in the United States employed on average
eight workers.
Charles Grandison Finney
emphasized the role of women and encouraged them to speak about their conversions.
The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments called for
equal rights for women.
Between 1836 and 1842, wages in the United States
fell by one third.
James Gordon Bennett was the
founder of the penny press.
Between 1800 and 1860, the value of cotton exports as a percentage of all U.S. exports
grew from 7 to 57
When President Andrew Jackson removed federal deposits from the Bank of the United States to place them in state banks,
he produced exactly the kind of economy he wanted to suppress.
During the antebellum years, the American entrepreneur P.T. Barnum staged popular exhibits in his famous American museum because
he wanted to entertain people.
Mobs attacked Elijah P. Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois, in 1837, shot him dead and dragged his mutilated corpse through the streets because
he was an antislavery editor.
Between 1830 and 1860, the Southern slaveholding class in the United States
increased its share of total wealth.
The chartering of the Second Bank of the United States in 1816
increased the amount of money in circulation.
An urban middle-class home in the 1850s would probably not have
indoor faucets supplying hot and cold running water.
The transportation revolution in the years after the War of 1812 contributed to the growth of all of the following except
industry in the Deep South.
The Second Bank of the United States was only distantly controlled by the government because
its stockholders were private citizens.
As a result of the Panic of 1819,
many westerners hated the National Bank.
Andrew Jackson's remark, "John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it," refers to the president's intention to
move the Cherokees west of the Mississippi River, regardless of Supreme Court rulings.
The majority of white men in the antebellum South were
nonslaveholding family farmers.
By 1840 about what portion of Americans lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River?
one-third
The belief that one could read a person's character by examining bumps on the skull was known as
phrenology.
The black family under slavery
received no legal recognition or protection.
Reformers of the antebellum period
received their best response in New England and areas to which New Englanders had migrated.
Most planters in the South counted their wealth in
slaves.
In 1842, Dr. Crawford Long for first time used this method of anesthesia successfully for surgery:
sulfuric ether
The murder rate in the antebellum Old South was
ten times higher than in the North.
What new foundation for authority did women develop in the northern middle class during the antebellum years?
the "separate sphere"
After mid-century, Europeans called the manufacturing system of interchangeable parts
the American system.
The spark that ignited the Anti-Masonic crusade was
the abduction of William Morgan.
The African Methodist Episcopal Church became a center for all of the following, except
the emigration of freed slaves to Africa.
Revivalists and Unitarians were similar in
their belief that human behavior could be changed for the better.
All of the following were true of planters except
they almost always built mansions on their plantations for their families.
In designing New York's Central Park, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux
tried to create the look of the countryside and screen out the surrounding city.
Debating societies exemplified the American zeal for
voluntary associations.
In 1830, the typical American newspaper
was four pages long.
The yeomen farmers of the Old South
were congregated in the upland and hilly regions
In the 1820s and 1830s the majority of the workers in the Lowell and Waltham textile mills were
young women from New England farms.
