Chapter 9

Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?

"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."

Which of the following are true of signposts?

1) They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech. 2) They are frequently just numbers.

Which of the following statements are true concerning the main points of a speech?

1) They are the central features of the speech. 2) They should be worded precisely. 3) They should be arranged strategically.

What are the primary strategies for preparing main points in speeches?

1) Use parallel wording to improve comprehension. 2) Balance the time dedicated to each point. 3) Create independent points for clarity.

Which three of the following are most important to consider when deciding the order of main points in your speech?

1) your topic 2) your purpose 3) your audience

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

Why should a speaker strive to balance the amount of time devoted to main points?

Because main points are important and speakers should be sure they all receive enough emphasis.

Which organizational pattern first looks at factors that result in an event, then looks at the effects of the event?

Causal

Jian speaks about the failure of the South Fork Dam in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the late 1800s. His first main point discusses how the dam's failure impacted the local communities. His second main point discusses the factors leading to the dam's failure: heavy rains and poor upkeep. Jian's speech is organized in which order?

Causal order

Jacinta will be giving a speech about the Battle of Bunker Hill. She plans to present her points by starting with a discussion of the events leading up to the battle and end by talking about events that happened immediately after the battle. What method is Jacinta using to organize her speech?

Chronological order

Which of the following is the best example of an effective transition?

Now that you have heard a little about the history of olives, let me share some of my favorite uses for them.

Keisha is giving a speech on the planets in the solar system, starting with the planet closest to the sun and ending with the farthest. Which organizational pattern is she using?

Spatial order

In a speech about exercise, Louis developed three main points: I. Exercise benefits physical health. II. Exercise benefits mental health. III. Exercise benefits sleep patterns. Which of the following best describes the way Louis wrote the main points?

They use parallel wording.

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech that describes five types of competitive gymnastics events?

Topical

Peter has divided his speech topic, physical fitness, into three subtopics: strength, endurance, and flexibility. Which method of speech organization is this an example of?

Topical order

Following the strategy of keeping main points separate, Misha recognizes that he needs to divide the main point below to make two separate main points. If he chooses to make one of the main points "Donating a share of our profits to environmental agencies would improve our environmentally friendly image," which of the following would be the best choice for the other main point? Donating a share of our products' profits to environmental agencies would aid our environmentally friendly image, as would adding labels that we support environmental agencies.

Using labels naming the agencies we support would inform the consumer of our policy.

A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)

internal preview.

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview.

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guideline for keeping main points

separate.

Brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called

signposts.

The order of main points that follows a directional pattern is called

spatial order.

A speech about the four major factors to consider when choosing a cell phone would most likely be arranged in ______ order.

topical

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another is called a(n)

transition.

Why are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?

1) Stock phrases distract listeners. 2) Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed.

Strategic organization helps speeches be more effective. Which of the following are positive effects of strategic organization?

1) The audience better understands the speech. 2) The speaker has more confidence. 3) The audience believes the speaker is more competent.

Why is important for a speech to be well organized?

1) The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech. 2) Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message.

John is giving a process speech about the steps in baking an apple pie. Because he wants to talk about the steps in the order in which they need to be completed, he should use

chronological order.

Erika is writing a speech to persuade her audience that pollution resulting from discarded single-use bags can be reduced by individual and legislative action. Which of the following are potential solutions to the amount of pollution resulting from single-use bags?

1) Consumers should bring reusable bags to the store to carry groceries. 2) State lawmakers should consider adding taxes to single-use bags. 3) City- or state-wide bans of single-use bags would discourage business owners from stocking them.

If your main point is "Olives have a long history as a staple in the human diet," which of the following would be appropriate supporting points?

1) Olives have been eaten in Crete since at least 3,000 BCE. 2) For centuries, olives have been turned into cooking oil.

Connectives help join one thought to another in a speech and include which of the following?

1) Signposts 2) Internal previews 3) Internal summaries 4) Transitions

The problem-solution pattern of organization for ordering main points is primarily used for ______ speeches.

persuasive

If your specific purpose is "to persuade my audience why they should eat only organic produce," each of your main points must include

a reason why listeners should only eat organic produce.

Ann gave 10% of her time to Point I, 15% of her time to Point II, and 75% of her time to Point III. What does this division indicate?

1) Ann's main points are not balanced. 2) Point I and Point II may not need to be main points.

Kendra is giving a speech on the city of Denver. Her first main point is "Denver is full of fun things to do and see." Which of the following would be appropriate support for this main point?

1) Denver's Botanic Gardens hosts events and lectures. 2) Denver's 16th Street Mall is lined with restaurants and shops for browsing.

Which of the following is true of parallel wording?

1) It makes your set of main points easier to remember. 2) It helps your main points stand out from the rest of your speech. 3) It makes your set of main points easier to understand.

Renee is writing a speech about threats to the global elephant population. How would you best combine her two related main points below? I. Elephants are endangered animals. II. Habitat loss and the ivory trade threaten the elephant population.

Habitat loss and the ivory trade have caused elephants to become endangered.

Which of the following does an internal summary do?

Reminds listeners of what they just heard.