Chapter 9

The nurse is caring for a client with acute primary respiratory acidosis. When determining the cause of the acidosis the nurse is aware that which imbalance is most common? * Decreased CO2 retention * Increased metabolic acids * Renal bicarbonate retention * Impaired alveolar ventilation

Impaired alveolar ventilation

A client has an increase in her anion gap (AG). What does the nurse determine is the significance of this finding? * It indicates the client has metabolic alkalosis. * It indicates the client has respiratory alkalosis. * It indicates the client has metabolic acidosis. * It indicates the client has respiratory acidosis.

It indicates the client has metabolic acidosis.

Which of the following is an example of a strong acid? a. Albumin b. Inorganic phosphorus c. Sodium d. Lactate

Lactate

The nurse is caring for a client who has excessive diarrhea. Which acid-base disturbance does the nurse anticipate uncovering during evaluation of the arterial blood gas? * No change in values from normal * An increase in bicarbonate * Metabolic acidosis * Increased pH value

Metabolic acidosis

A client arrives in the emergency department by ambulance with a family member stating, "He took an overdose of sleeping pills and I found him breathing very shallowly." For which type of acid-base disturbance will the nurse anticipate this client will be treated? * Respiratory acidosis * Respiratory alkalosis * Metabolic acidosis * Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

The nurse is assessing a client with abnormal blood gas values. Which of these interpretations does the nurse make regarding the client's physiologic status? * The client has a decreased hemoglobin. * The client has alterations in vital signs. * The client has abnormalities in his buffer system. * The client has abnormalities in his cardiovascular system.

The client has abnormalities in his buffer system.

A pH of 7.5 is defined as a. Alkalosis b. Acidosis c. Acidemia d. Alkalemia

a. Alkalosis

Hypokalemia is often associated with which one of the following conditions? a. Metabolic alkalosis b. Metabolic acidosis c. Hyperchloremia d. None of the above

a. Metabolic alkalosis

An anion gap of 16 can be calculated by which of the following scenarios? a. Sodium 146, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L b. Sodium 140, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L c. Sodium 136, chloride 122, bicarbonate 30 mEq/L d. Sodium 148, chloride 100, bicarbonate 28 mEq/L

a. Sodium 146, chloride 102, bicarbonate 26 mEq/L

Hyperlactatemia due to drug treatment is a complication in which of the following conditions? a. Salt-losing tubulopathy b. Cirrhosis c. AIDS d. Isonatremic dehydration

c. AIDS

The nurse enters a client's hospital room and finds the client breathing rapidly, stating, "I must be having a stroke, my fingers are tingling!" Which acid-base balance disorder is this client experiencing due to hyperventilation? * Respiratory acidosis * Respiratory alkalosis * Metabolic acidosis * Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

A nurse is providing care for several clients on an acute medicine unit. Which client should the nurse recognize as being at the highest risk for metabolic alkalosis? * A client on continuous nasogastric suction and whose hypertension is being treated with diuretics * A client in alcohol withdrawal who is being treated with intravenous anticonvulsants * A postoperative client who developed sepsis after the dehiscence of an abdominal wound * A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has developed tuberculosis and is receiving antibiotics

A client on continuous nasogastric suction and whose hypertension is being treated with diuretics

For which acid-base imbalance will the nurse monitor for a client taking large doses of loop diuretics? * Metabolic acidosis * Respiratory acidosis * Metabolic alkalosis * Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a client who complains of headaches and blurred vision. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms, accompanied by increased plasma partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO2) level and decreased pH level, are consistent with which diagnosis? * Respiratory acidosis * Respiratory alkalosis * Metabolic alkalosis * Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

A client with a long history of alcohol abuse has been admitted to the emergency department after several of days of heavy drinking. The nurse can best promote the restoration of the client's acid-base balance by: * encouraging pursed-lip breathing and deep breathing and coughing exercises. * administering intravenous sodium bicarbonate as prescribed. * administering intravenous magnesium sulfate as prescribed. * positioning the client in an upright position when in bed and mobilizing the client frequently.

administering intravenous sodium bicarbonate as prescribed.

An example of anion exchange includes: a. Sodium and hydrogen exchange b. Sodium and chloride exchange c. Bicarbonate and chloride exchange d. Hydrogen and bicarbonate exchange

c. Bicarbonate and chloride exchange

Metabolic acidosis may be associated with a. Increased chloride levels b. Increased metabolic acids c. Decreased bicarbonate d. All of the above

d. All of the above