Chapter 9

how was Commision government created?

Galveston Texas; 1900

when did he fund the interstate highway system

1965

what is commission government?

3-9 elected officials who act as both executive and legislative branches where each official is responsible for a specific department

what is a town

A unit of local government, usually larger than a village and smaller than a city

who is the parish Clerk

Louis Perret

how did towns develop?

New England Colonies built homes, churches, and other buildings

who was instrumental in the construction of th interstate highway systems

President Dwight D. Eisenhower

what are parishes

a division of state government formed to carry out state law, formed to collect taxes, and supervise elections in small areas

What are ordinances and what do they do?

a local law that govern a community, may not conflict with state or federal laws

What is a municipality?

a unit of local government that is incorporated by the state and has a large degree of self-government

administer examinations and ussue licenses to..

accountants, dentists, doctors, engineers, lawyers, nurses, teachers; helps to esrue that communities have qualified proffesional workers that meet certain standards

what does a charter do?

basic plan for a local goverment unit, defines powersm repsonsibilities, organizatiion, charter cannot violate state or federal laws

Parish COuncil may also be called this..?

board of commissioners, county court, board of county supervisors

functions of townships?

building schools and roads

towns meeting are simple but powerful; what happens at the meetings

citizens meet to discuss issues, vote on issues, citizsens have a direct vote, held in conjuction with town elections, works well in small populate areas

what is the largest type of municpaliy

city

what is council manager government

city manager added, voters elect a city council which asts as the lawmaking body, council appoints city manager as the city's chief executive, city manage appoints the heads of the city departments

advantages of council manager government

city manager is usually free from political pressure because position is appointed not elected, council can fire city manager

what can a vilage with a self governing body do

collect taxes, set up fire departments, set of police departments

who is the charter usually ritten by

commision; be approved by the voters

what is the highest level of government

county (parishes)

How did towns ships form

early 1800's Americans moved West, Congress divided land into perfectly squared units six miles per side,

cites manage a variety of responsibilites such as...?

educatin, health, safety, transportation systems, sanitation, water supplies, fire protection, police protection

parish executive part of pairsh government

elected by the people

a township is headed by who?

elected chairperson or supervisor

in a township who enforces laws

elected constable

in a twonship who tries minor leage cases

elected justice

parish sheriff

elected offical, commands several deputies, commands offcie staff, arrest law breakers, carries out order form parish courts, responsible for law enforcemnt; only in areas of parish not city

examples of needes from a special district

fire protection, libraries, parks, recreation centers, public transportation, sewage disposal

what is home rule

granting cities an authority, city be allwoed to write and ammend its own municpal charter

what do county empleyees provide (parish)

health care, police prootection, welfare, corrections (police jails) recreational areas, libraries

commisioner who oversees public welfare departmenr does what?

helps city's disadvantages citizens

colonial towns include what....?

homes, churches, buildings, and surrounding farmlands

a commissioner who runs the health department may supervise what

hospitals, clinsis, and health inspectors in the city

what do all governments compete for

income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes; to attracts industry

how do city governments work together

increasing fund such as fire and police department and education, look for ways to lesson pollution and safety disposal trash,

parish clerk

keeps records of actions and decisions of parish board, keeps birth records, marriage laws, death records, and election results

parish auditor

keeps watch of the money parish receives, and tracks th emoney the parish spends

parish prosecuter

known as district attorney, represents lafayette in parish trials

who permits a village to become a self governing body

legislatures

in a weaker mayor plan what happens?

limits power of mayor, city council holds more power, council appoints city department heas, report directly to city council rather than mayor

who helps to make sure that ekectins procedures follow state elections

local governments

what might the commisoner who oversee public works do

makes sures there is enough clean waterm and streets are kept in good repair

what might the officals voted from town the election do?

manage town affairs between town meetings

what state went a steo futher in 1893 by establishing a state highway system

massachusettes

parish officials

may include coronor; investigates unnatural deaths

what happens in a strong mayor plan?

mayor is chief executive fficer, primary responsibility to run the city's government, appoints most of citys officals, prepares the budges; people believe this is more efficient

what are the wys a city governmeny may be ran

mayor-council government, strong-mayor government, commision government, council0manager governer

what are grants in aid

money and resources federal fund given for specific projects; government recives funds must meet standards and conditins, government must provide some money, sre subject to supervision by the federsl government

what are some issues that calll for cooperation with the local, state, adn federal governments

nations roads, and highways sytems

what state became the first to use state fund to help imporve local roads

new Jersey

Parish Government executive branch

no single leader, several elected officials, each have own responsibilites, some places have parish manager which are appointed by the county board supervisor

What is a mayor-council form of government?

oldest and most common, city council is legislative body, mayor is city's chief executive,

County Board (Parish COuncil) is head of what and how are are they elected

parish government, voters

Board of Commissioners for what?

parish officials legislative body; have power to pass laws

what are often largest unit of government

parishes

how do town elections work out to be?

people elect from three to fove officials

local law enforcement groups consist of...?

police departments; responsible for enforcing both local ordinances and state laws

board of parish supervisors have power to pass laws; examples

regulating health, safety througout the country, may collect estate perosnal property and sales taxes

parish treasurer

responsible for parish funds

local governments prvide conveniences and services such as..

roads, street cleaning, trash collection, electricity, running water, police and fire protection, water conservation, snow removal, public transportation, recreation areas, education, sewage systems

What are colonial township

smaller than new england towns, modern townships are larger than towns

disadvantage of council manager government

some cities cannot afford to hire one, critics argue that city officials should be accountable to voters

whos the executive of the board of edu.

superintendent; manages the district day to day operation

what do local officials do during the time of voting

supervises voting and provided polling places

what do state offcials offer to attract industry

tax breaks, good supply of labor, efficient highay systems, favorable laws which encourage indutry to move to their state

a commioner who overses citys finances may do what

tax collection

what do federal government ensure?

that state and local governments provide funds to help implemnt important programs

who establishes the local governments

the states

who are most affected by the local government?

the students

why was a school distirct created

to provide funds for the school

how do states estbalish the local governments

using their own constitution to legalize and defince their own local government

whats are the difficulties of commission for of government

voters find it difficult to elect officials who know how to run that specified department, commisoners sometimes disagree about who should manage activities an budgets

How was Dwight D. Eisenhower influnce about roads?

when he was a soldier saw how easy the Germans had it traveling over the country side, while his journey was difficult

Examples of municipality?

City, town, village, borough