Chapter 9: Advertising

Karl Marx used the term "reification" to refer to the capitalist process in which the human being is represented as:

A physical thing deprived of agency or individuality.

The four basic strategies of persuasion used by advertisers emphasize:

Experience over information.

What does the term "culture-jamming" refer to?

A way to protest advertising; The insertion of oppositional material into the same mass media that produce dominant cultural messages; A way to invest ads, newscasts, and other media artifacts with revolutionary meaning

US art critic Suzi Gablik suggests that building community is a way to work against the power of ads because:

Advertising addresses us as separate and indivudal consumers.

According to anthropologist William O'Barr, the US advertising industry:

Has been dominated by Euro-Americans; Often involves "photographic colonialism," which parallels economic and political colonialism; Often represents foreigners and other categories of outsiders as subordinate.

Advertiser Barry Hoffman uses the title "Queen of All Media" to refer to:

Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa."

In his article "Why Johnny Can't Dissent," cultural critic Thomas Frank argues that ads have appropriated precisely the stratgies that were previouslyused to criticize them. What are these strategies?

Rebellion, protest, and nonconformity.

In his groundbreaking "Ways of Seeing" television series and related book, British art historian John Berger points out that ads (which he calls "publicity images") endeavor to:

Show us an alternative way of life; Persuade us that by buying certain things, our lives will be transformed; Make us envy glamorous celebrities.

Phineas T. Barnum used newspaper ads, handbills, and broadsides to promote:

The Swedish Nightingale, Jenny Lind.

Who said the following? "The uncivilized make little progress because they have few desires. The inhabitants of our coutry are stimulated to new wants in all directions. In order to satisfy their constantly increasing desires they necessarily expand their productive powers. They create more wealth because it is only by that method that they can satisfy their wants. It is this constantly enlarging circle that represents the increasing circle of civilization." they can satisfy their wants. It is this constantly enlarging circle that represents the increasing circle of civilization."

US President Calvin Coolidge.