Chapter 9 Cell Respiration Quiz

In eukaryotes, the proton-motive force allows protons to move passively through ATP synthase in which direction? From the outside of the cell to the cytosol From the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial inner membrane space From the mitochondrial inner membrane space to the mitochondrial matrix From the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix From the mitochondrial matrix to the inner mitochondrial membrane space

From the mitochondrial inner membrane space to the mitochondrial matrix

What is an example of anabolic interconversion? Pyruvate oxidation Lipids broken down into their constituents, glycerol and fatty acids Proteins hydrolyzed to amino acids Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

This reaction links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. Which statement correctly describes the chemical changes depicted in this reaction? Pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized to acetyl CoA, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Pyruvate is reduced to acetyl CoA, and NAD+ is oxidized to NADH. Coenzyme A is oxidized to acetyl CoA, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Coenzyme A is oxidized to CO2, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Coenzyme A is reduced to acetyl CoA, and NAD+ is oxidized to NADH.

Pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized to acetyl CoA, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.

How are steps 1-3 of glycolysis different from steps 6-10? Steps 1-3 catalyze reactions that require ATP, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes that require NADH. Steps 1-3 occur in the cytosol, while steps 6-10 occur in the mitochondrial matrix. Steps 1-3 catalyze changes in a six-carbon molecule, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes in a four-carbon molecule. Steps 1-3 catalyze reactions that require ATP, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes that produce NADH and ATP. Steps 1-3 catalyze reactions that require ATP, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes that produce NADH and GTP.

Steps 1-3 catalyze reactions that require ATP, while steps 6-10 catalyze changes that produce NADH and ATP.

Energy production occurs in different locations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which statement is true for eukaryotes? The conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs in the mitochondria. The respiratory chain enzymes are found at the plasma membrane. The conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O occurs in the mitochondria. The citric acid cycle enzymes are found in the cytoplasm. The conversion of glucose to pyruvate occurs in the mitochondria.

The conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O occurs in the mitochondria.

Which statement best describes steps 1, 2, and 3 of glycolysis (glucose → glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate)? All three reactions are exergonic. These reactions require energy in the form of two ATP per glucose molecule. A six-carbon molecule is broken down into three two-carbon molecules. These reactions require energy in the form of one ATP per glucose. These reactions produce energy in the form of one NADH per glucose.

These reactions require energy in the form of two ATP per glucose molecule.

Which is required for wine production? A. Lactic acid fermentation from glucose B. Purified chloroplasts only C. Yeast and a source of glucose D. Plant cells devoid of sugar E. An aerobic environment

Yeast and a source of glucose

A student wants to develop a demonstration to explain the energy changes taking place as electrons are transferred along the respiratory chain. Which everyday objects could he use to accomplish his goal? A ball rolling down a staircase A hot plate boiling water in a pot A bat striking a ball A book falling from a table to the floor An ice cube melting in a bowl

A ball rolling down a staircase

The carbon-containing molecule that enters glycolysis differs from the one that enters the citric acid cycle. How do the numbers of carbon atoms per molecule compare in these two cases? A four-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a three-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle. A six-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a two-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle. A six-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a three-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle. A four-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a two-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle. A six-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a four-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle.

A six-carbon molecule enters glycolysis, while a two-carbon molecule enters the citric acid cycle.

Refer to the figure below. Which half-reactions represent a change from more stored free energy to less stored free energy? AH → A and NAD+ → NADH B → BH and NADH → NAD+ AH → A and NADH → NAD+ B → BH and NAD+ → NADH AH → A and B → BH

AH → A and NADH → NAD+

Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to lactate. is broken down on the cell membrane. is converted to lactate or tricarboxylic acids. enters the citric acid cycle. is fermented to lactate or alcohol.

is fermented to lactate or alcohol.

The difference between oxidation and reduction is that oxidation involves transfer of two electrons, while reduction involves transfer of one electron. oxidation can happen by itself, while reduction is a coupled reaction. oxidation involves gain of electrons, while reduction involves loss of electrons. an oxidized compound has more electrons than the reduced form of the same compound. oxidation reduces the number of electrons, while reduction increases the number of electrons.

oxidation reduces the number of electrons, while reduction increases the number of electrons.

The types of chemical reactions involved in the aerobic breakdown of glucose by a cell include oxidations and phosphorylations. oxidation-reduction reactions and phosphorylations. oxidations. reductions and phosphorylations. reductions.

oxidation-reduction reactions and phosphorylations.

Products from the citric acid cycle include FADH2. ATP. GDP. NAD+. acetyl CoA.

FADH2.

Fermentation is an important process that allows organisms growing in anaerobic environments to harvest energy from glucose. Which statement about fermentation explains one other reason why fermentation is important to anaerobic organisms? Different enzymes are used in alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation to metabolize pyruvate at the final step. The amount of energy harvested from a molecule of glucose using fermentation is much less than the amount harvested using aerobic respiration. Most organisms that rely on fermentation are small microbes that grow relatively slowly. Fermentation provides a means for the cycling of NADH back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. Fermentation and aerobic respiration share the steps that involve oxidation of glucose to pyruvate.

Fermentation provides a means for the cycling of NADH back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.

Which statement about metabolic pathways is incorrect? A specific enzyme catalyzes each transformational step. Inhibitors that target some key enzymes in a pathway can slow the rate of reaction. In eukaryotes, all metabolic reactions occur in the cytoplasm. Activators that target some key enzymes in a pathway can increase the rate of reaction. Chemical transformations occur in a series of separate chemical reactions.

In eukaryotes, all metabolic reactions occur in the cytoplasm.

Of the compounds shown, which is the most oxidized, and which is the most reduced? O is the most oxidized, and M is the most reduced. M is the most oxidized, and N is the most reduced. M is the most oxidized, and P is the most reduced. N is the most oxidized, and O is the most reduced. L is the most oxidized, and N is the most reduced.

M is the most oxidized, and P is the most reduced.

Which statement regarding glycolysis is true? Pyruvate is not formed. Oxygen is not required. NADH is not formed. ATP is not formed. Glucose is not catabolized.

Oxygen is not required.

ATP synthase is the protein complex that rotates when ATP is hydrolyzed in the mitochondrial matrix. creates a proton-motive force when glucose is oxidized. transfers electrons to oxygen in the final step of the respiratory chain. captures the potential energy of the proton gradient in the intermembrane space as the chemical energy in phosphate bonds of ATP. transfers electrons from the inner mitochondrial space to the mitochondrial matrix.

captures the potential energy of the proton gradient in the intermembrane space as the chemical energy in phosphate bonds of ATP.