Chapter 9: Development
True/False A high percentage of agricultural workers in a country indicate that most of its people are spending their days producing food for export.
False
True/False According to Rostow, a traditional society defines a country that has started a process of development.
False
True/False Anglo-America produces more manufactured goods than services.
False
True/False Financing for LDCs primarily comes from two sources: loans from banks and international organizations, and direct investment from governments.
False
True/False GDP per capita is the only economic indicator to reliably determine level of development for a country.
False
True/False Literacy rate is the percentage of a country's people who can read only.
False
True/False More developed areas other than the three large regions include the South Pacific, Japan, and South Asia.
False
True/False One advantage of a large percentage of labor force in agriculture is the ability to generate a surplus of food for export.
False
True/False One element of development in the Middle East has been the loss of distinctive cultural characteristics.
False
True/False Per capita GDP measures distribution of wealth.
False
True/False Productivity is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of raw materials needed to produce it.
False
True/False Raising the GDP of a country means an automatically higher standard of living.
False
True/False The dependency ratio is much higher in more developed countries.
False
True/False Two problems with the self-sufficiency alternative are inefficiency and lack of choice.
False
Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
True/False Your text has divided the world into nine major regions and two areas based on dominant languages, religions, and cultural and demographic characteristics.
True
True/False Regions with similar levels of development show some correspondence to regions with similar, broad cultural characteristics.
True
The Middle East shows promise of becoming more developed primarily because of what characteristic?
abundant petroleum reserves
The major asset of the Eastern European region is
abundant reserves of many raw materials.
In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are
owned by a minority of the people.
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of all but which of these educational characteristics?
percentage of GDP spent on education
The Anglo-American region is the world's leading provider of all but which of the following?
petroleum
Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of
petroleum reserves.
Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries have a higher percentage of workers in which sector of the economy?
primary
Tertiary sector jobs involve the
provision of goods and services.
Western Europe is distinguished from Anglo-America by its
relative lack of raw materials.
Traditional barriers to international investment have included
requiring licenses for importers.
The highest level of development within Latin America is found in
southern South America.
Under communism, Eastern Europe was characterized by all but which of the following?
specialization in production of consumer-oriented products
In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
spreads investment through all sectors of the economy.
Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?
tertiary
Per capita GDP is a good indicator of all but which of the following?
the distribution of wealth within a country
The more developed region that displays the highest level of cultural homogeneity is
Anglo-America.
China in the twenty-first century has seen all but which of the following economic changes?
China is now the leading banking center in Asia.
The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is
Latin America
The more developed regions include all but which of the following?
Middle East
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?
Protection of workers' rights is a high priority for multinational corporations.
True/False An MDC is also known as a relatively developed country.
True
True/False Anglo-America's relative homogeneity reduces the possibility that a large minority will be excluded from participating in the region's economy on the basis of cultural characteristics.
True
True/False As a result of greater exposure to cultural diversity, people in developed countries display different social characteristics from people in LDCs.
True
True/False Developing countries are increasingly choosing to pursue the international trade approach to development.
True
True/False Dividing the GDP by total population measures the contribution the average individual makes to generate a country's wealth in a year
True
True/False GDP per capita is a more meaningful measure of development than gross national product.
True
True/False Gender inequality exists in every country of the world, according to the United Nations.
True
True/False India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative to development.
True
True/False Less developed countries can be distinguished from more developed countries according to social and demographic
True
True/False Loans outstanding to LDCs (and provided by MDCs) was about $2.1 trillion in 1996, an increase of about $1 trillion in a decade.
True
True/False Most LDCs converted from self-sufficiency to the international trade model during the 1990s.
True
True/False North America displays more cultural homogeneity than other more developed regions.
True
True/False Regions with similar levels of development show some correspondence to regions with similar, broad cultural characteristics.
True
True/False The Middle East and Latin America are the less developed regions with the most favorable balance between population and resources.
True
True/False The World Bank has judged half of the projects it has funded in Africa to be failures.
True
True/False The availability of energy and other resources is increasingly important to increase the level of development.
True
True/False The gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country, normally during one year.
True
True/False The primary sector of an economy involves the mining of the earth's resources, including food production (agriculture and fishing) and forestry.
True
True/False The secondary sector includes the transformation of raw materials into useful products.
True
True/False The tertiary sector involves services in exchange for payment.
True
True/False The three large relatively developed regions in the world are Anglo-America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe.
True
True/False The value added in manufacturing is the gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials and energy.
True
True/False Transnational corporations (often referred to as multinational corporations), once popular only with the United States, are now found in other MDCs.
True
True/False Under Rostow's international trade model, the process of development begins when the country starts to invest in new technology and infrastructure.
True
True/False Under self-sufficiency, incomes in the countryside keep pace with those in the city, and reducing poverty takes precedence over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers.
True
Japan's principal asset for promoting development was
an abundant supply of labor.
According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when
an elite group initiates innovative activities.
Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the
arrival of the monsoon.
The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote
balanced growth of all economic sectors.
Petroleum reserves in the Middle East are
clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.
The tertiary sector includes all but which of the following?
construction
Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development?
crude death rate
Correlating economic, social, and demographic indicators of development shows that
different indicators of development are associated with each other.
In recent years, countries such as India have
embraced the international trade model.
In the decades following the 1949 Communist victory in the civil war, the Chinese people were subjected to increasing amounts of all but which of the following?
fear of famine
The value of total output of goods and services in a year in a country is its...
gross domestic product.
People are more productive in more developed countries because they
have access to more technology.
According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?
imports to be limited
Development refers to...
improvement in material conditions.
On a north polar projection, less developed countries appear to be located...
in peripheral locations.
The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is
inability to repay loans.
Which of the following hinders the international trade strategy for developing countries?
increased dependence on more developed countries, uneven resource distribution, and market stagnation
Self-sufficiency policies have encouraged
inefficient industries
Population was traditionally low in Southeast Asia because of
inhospitable environment.
While the South Pacific has a high human development index, the region is much less central to the global economy because
it has fewer inhabitants and a peripheral location
Development prospects are limited in Sub-Saharan Africa because of all but which of the following?
lack of monsoon rains
In 1995, the per capita GDP in Sudan was about $400; this indicates that it is a...
less developed country.
The Human Development Index (HDI) recognizes which of the factors listed below as a function of level of development?
life expectancy, literacy rate and education, gross domestic product per capita
The principal asset of the Four Dragons to promote development is
low labor costs
Compared to more developed countries, less developed countries typically have all but which of the following characteristics?
lower dependency rates.
An example of a primary sector activity is
mining.
The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that
most people must produce food for their own survival.
Which item below is not a good indicator of a society's development?
movie theaters
Within the nine major cultural regions and two areas defined in your text, which of the following are not considered more developed regions?
none of the above
In more developed countries, employment is increasing in
the tertiary sector.
Today, European countries obtain raw materials
through purchase from less developed countries
The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
unequal distribution of resources.
The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
value added.
The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is...
widening.
What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?
workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut
