Chapter 9

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Secure

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

Sensorimotor

Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.

Abused

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, ÒLook mommy, apples!Ó His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

Accommodation

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a strangerÑshe doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

Avoidant

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

Biology

In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.

Case study

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

Conventional

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

Discontinuous

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

Early childhood

Which of the following statements about parenting styles is true?

In some ethnic groups, authoritarian parenting is as beneficial as authoritative parenting.

During the elementary school stage (ages 6Ð12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Industry vs inferoirty

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Integrity and dispair

________ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

Motor

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

Naturalistic observation

When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________.

Others have their own minds that contain different thoughts and experiences on their own

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Psychosocial

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

A ________ is any environmental agent biological, chemical, or physical that causes damage.

Teratogen

A(an) ________ is a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

Zygote