Chapter 9 Endocrine System

B

Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of: A) glucagon B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) growth hormone D) prolactin (PRL) E) parathyroid hormone (PTH)

D

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT: A) stimulate menstruation B) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females C) help maintain pregnancy D) stimulate growth of facial hair E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

B

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: A) prolactin (PRL) B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) parathyroid hormone (PTH) D) oxytocin E) glucagon

A

An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a deficiency of dietary iodine is called: A) goiter B) acromegaly C) cretinism D) myxedema E) exophthalmos

E

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT: A) decrease edema B) suppress inflammation C) increase blood glucose levels D) help resist long-term stress E) regulate salt content of the blood

C

Growth hormone: A) results in Cushingʹs disease if produced in excess B) is produced by the thyroid gland C) promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles D) is secreted by the thymus gland E) prevents urine production

C

Hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended (as an adult) is called: A) pituitary dwarfism B) acromegaly C) gigantism D) myxedema E) Cushingʹs disease

C

Hyposecretion of thyroxine in early childhood leads to: A) exophthalmos B) myxedema C) cretinism D) acromegaly E) dwarfism

A

Insulin causes: A) a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose B) an increase in blood pressure C) a decrease in blood pressure D) an increase in the production of glucagon E) an increase in the concentration of blood glucose

D

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called: A) alpha cells B) delta cells C) gamma cells D) beta cells E) theta cells

B

Insulin works as an antagonist to: A) oxytocin B) glucagon C) testosterone D) thyroid hormone E) thymosin

C

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called: A) neural stimulus B) humoral stimulus C) hormonal stimulus D) receptor-mediated stimulus E) steroid stimulus

C

Negative feedback mechanisms regulate: A) steroid hormones only B) very few hormones C) most hormones D) prostaglandin hormones only E) amino acid-based hormones only

A

Prostaglandins are: A) lipid hormones manufactured in cell plasma membranes B) steroid hormones C) amino acid-based hormones D) target organs E) glycerol hormones

B

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to: A) reabsorb calcium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb iodine D) reabsorb potassium E) reabsorb hydrogen

B

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT: A) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus B) catalyze cyclic AMP C) enter the nucleus D) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis E) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells

E

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the: A) pineal gland B) adrenal cortex C) thymus D) posterior pituitary E) parathyroid glands

C

The bodyʹs major metabolic hormone is called: A) calcitonin B) growth hormone C) thyroid hormone D) prolactin E) adrenaline

A

The cells in the testes that produce testosterone are called: A) interstitial cells B) alpha cells C) gonadotropic cells D) beta cells E) pancreatic islet cells

D

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as: A) stimuli B) neurons C) effectors D) hormones E) target cells

C

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is: A) sodium B) potassium C) iodine D) bromine E) calcium

B

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called: A) cortisol B) renin C) angiotensin D) vasopressin E) cortisone

C

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is: A) aldosterone B) progesterone C) thymosin D) melatonin E) thyroxine

A

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is: A) melatonin B) thyroxine C) progesterone D) thymosin E) glucagon

A

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is: A) luteinizing hormone B) prolactin C) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone D) progesterone E) follicle-stimulating hormone

C

The hypothalamus is most closely associated with the: A) thymus gland B) thyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) pineal gland E) pancreas

C

The pineal gland produces A) insulin B) cortisol C) melatonin D) thymosin E) estrogen

E

The secondary sex characteristics brought about by testosterone secretion do NOT include: A) development of heavy muscles B) growth of facial hair C) lowering the voice D) development of heavy bones E) development of breasts

B

The thyroid gland is located: A) within the parathyroid glands B) below the Adamʹs apple C) within the mediastinum D) within the pancreas E) above the kidneys

B

The ʺfight-or-flightʺ response triggers the release of: A) growth hormone B) epinephrine C) melatonin D) prolactin E) ADH

D

Tropic hormones: A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones B) stimulate nervous tissue C) stimulate prostaglandins D) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones E) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones

E

Which hormone works with estrogen to bring about the menstual cycle: A) prolactin B) oxytocin C) testosterone D) human chorionic gonadotropin E) progesterone

E

Which of these hormones does NOT play a role in reproduction: A) estrogen B) luteinizing hormone C) testosterone D) follicle-stimulating hormone E) antidiuretic hormone

D

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla: A) sex hormones B) aldosterone C) glucocorticoids D) epinephrine E) cortisone

B

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body: A) T3 and T4 B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone C) melatonin and glucocorticoids D) oxytocin and prolactin E) insulin and glucagon

D

Which one of the following hormones exerts its primary effects on the reproductive organs: A) prolactin B) adrenocorticotropic hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) follicle-stimulating hormone E) growth hormone

B

Which one of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) oxytocin C) growth hormone D) prolactin E) luteinizing hormone

B

Which one of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin: A) stimulation of uterine contractions B) stimulation of menstruation C) stimulation of breast milk ejection D) labor induction E) postpartum bleeding control

D

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus: A) polydipsia B) polyuria C) polyphagia D) moon face E) acidosis

A

Which one of the following is NOT a symptom of Cushingʹs syndrome: A) bronze skin tones B) high blood pressure C) buffalo hump D) moon face E) water retention

D

Which one of the following is NOT an action of the catecholamines: A) increased heart rate B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs C) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood glucose levels

B

Which one of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone: A) prolactin B) antidiuretic hormone C) follicle-stimulating hormone D) adrenocorticotropic hormone E) luteinizing hormone

D

Which one of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones: A) mobilizing body defenses against stressors B) growth and development C) maintaining electrolyte balance D) body coordination E) regulating cellular metabolism

E

Which one of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex: A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) aldosterone E) epinephrine

B

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells: A) mitosis is stimulated B) cellular mutations occur C) proteins are synthesized in the cell D) plasma membrane permeability changes E) enzymes are activated or inactivated