Chapter 9 LearnSmart

A Type 1 error occurs if we DONT reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false

false

A type 2 error occurs when we

do not reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false - miss

we dont reject the null hypothesis when the p-value is

greater than or equal to a

The normal distribution approximation for a binomial distribution is valid when

np greater than and equal to 5 and n(1-p) greater than or equal to 5

In hypothesis testing, two incorrect decisions are possible:

- Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false - rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

steps to use when formulating the null and alternative hypotheses

- include some form of the equality sign in the null hypothesis - determine whether it is one-or a two-tail test - identity the population parameter of interest

steps in the p-value approach to hypothesis testing in the correct order

1) specify the null and alternative hypotheses 2) calculate the value of the test statistic and its p-value 3) state the conclusion and interpret results

the power of a test is measured by

1- beta

specify the competing hypotheses that would be used in order to determine whether the population mean id less than 150

Ho: u> 150 vs. Ha: u<150

the significance level is the probability of making

a type 1 erroe

The conclusions of a hypothesis test that are drawn from the p-value approach versus the critical value approach are

always the same

an important final conclusion to a statistical test is to

clearly interpret the results in terms of the initial claim

an alternative hypothesis

contradicts the status quo

the two equivalent methods to solve a hypothesis test are the

critical value approach, pf-value approach

we can generally reduce Type 1 and Type 2 errors by

increasing the sample size

a binomial distribution can be approximated by a ____ distribution for large sample sizes

normal

The p-value is calculated assuming the

null hypothesis is true

The basic principle of hypothesis testing is to first assume that the ____ hypothesis is true and then determine if the sample data ___ this assumption

null. contradicts

if the chosen significance leave is alpha=.05, then there is 5% chance of

rejecting a true null hypothesis

We use hypothesis testing to

resolve conflicts between two competing opinions

Hypothesis testing enables us to determine if the collected ___ data is inconsistent with what is stated in the null hypothesis

sample

The power of a test is defined as

the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false

In hypothesis testing, two correct decisions are possible

- Rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false - Not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

The null hypothesis is specified by using one of the following signs

=, less than or equal, greater or equal to

The hypothesis denoted by Ho is the ___ hypothesis and the hypothesis denoted by Ha is the ___ hypothesis

Null, alternative

if the value of the test statistic falls in the rejection region, the p-value must be

less than alpha

the expected value of the sample distribution of p-bar is the

population proportion

unlike the mean and standard deviation, the population proportion p is a descriptive summary measure that can be used for data that is

qualitative

if the population standard deviation is unknown, it can be estimated by using

s

In a two-tailed test, we can reject the null hypothesis on either side of the hypothesized valued of the population parameter

true

The optimal values of type 1 and type 2 errors require a compromise in balancing the costs of each type of error

true

The alternative hypothesis for a two-sided test for a population mean would be denoted as

Ha: U doesnt equal Uo

In inferential stats, we use _____ information to make inferences about an unknown _____ parameter

sample, population

for a given sample size n, a Type 1 error can be reduced at the expense of a higher Type 2 error

true

we choose a value for ALPHA before conducting a hypothesis test

true

which of the following types of hypothesis tests may be performed?

Right-tailed, left-tailed and two-tailed tests

In hypothesis testing, if the sample data provides significant evidence that the null hypothesis is incorrect, then we

reject the null hypothesis