chapter 9 pharmacology

A client has been on an antibiotic for two weeks for treatment of an infection. The client asks the nurse why a superinfection has been caused by this medication. What is the nurse's best response?

"Antibiotics can disrupt the normal bacteria in your body, causing another infection to occur."

A nurse is teaching a client about the medication regimen surrounding fluoroquinolones. Which statement made by the client would indicate the need for additional education?

"I will only drink enough water to swallow the drug."

During client teaching about superinfections. The nurse asks for the client to repeat knowledge learned. Which statement by the client identifies an understanding of psueodomembranous colitis?

"If I have blood or mucus in my stools, I will collect a sample and call the provider."

Levofloxacin 750 mg IV is ordered for a client with a urinary tract infection. The medication is to mixed yielding 250 mg/15 mL. How many mL should be drawn up in the syringe?

45

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) can be used to treat which of the following?

Both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria

Which medications are associated with QT interval prolongation on electrocardiogram (ECG)? Select all that apply.

Ciprofloxacin Ofloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin

A client who takes zinc daily is diagnosed with a severe infection and is ordered levofloxacin (Levaquin). The nurse is aware that taking these two drugs may have what affect on the antibiotic?

Decreased absorption

A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin IV for the treatment of cellulitis. After initiating the infusion of the client's first scheduled dose, the client develops a pronounced rash on the chest and arms. How should the nurse respond initially to this event?

Discontinue the infusion and inform the care provider promptly.

The nurse is providing client teaching before discharging a client home. The client is taking ciprofloxacin. What action should the nurse encourage the client to prioritize?

Drink at least 2L of fluid per day.

The nursing student correctly identifies the class of drugs that exerts their bactericidal effect by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial DNA, thus preventing cell reproduction and leading to death of the bacteria, as which of the following groups?

Fluoroquinolones

Which of the following classes of antibiotics is a direct inhibitor of DNA synthesis in bacteria?

Fluoroquinolones

The pharmacology instructor is discussing antimicrobials with the nursing class. What would the instructor tell the students is the mechanism of action of some antimicrobials?

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

A client, prescribed clindamycin, is now reporting frequent diarrhea. How should the nurse best respond to this client?

Liaise with the client's care provider to have the drug discontinued.

A nurse knows that promoting an optimal response to drug therapy is a desired outcome for clients on fluoroquinolones. One important action the nurse should include in the plan of care is which?

Observe the client for the first 48 hours for adverse reactions to the drug.

The client has been prescribed a drug that must be taken on an empty stomach. The nurse knows that to administer a medication on an empty stomach, it is given in which way?

One hour prior to a meal or two hours after the meal

A young lifeguard has been prescribed moxifloxacin (Avelox). The nurse understands that the focus on education would be which adverse reaction?

Photosensitivity

Prior to administration of fluoroquinolones, which laboratory test should be obtained?

Prior to administration of fluoroquinolones, which laboratory test should be obtained?

A client, being treated in the intensive care unit, has been diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Culture and sensitivity testing of the client's sputum indicates that erythromycin is a treatment option. Which nursing assessment is most appropriate to rule out contraindications for this medication therapy?

Review lab results to confirm normal liver function.

Common, potentially serious, adverse effects of antibiotic drugs include:

Skin rash

A client is prescribed ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. The nurse is preparing to teach the client about the medication. What must the nurse include in the education plan?

Take precautions to prevent photosensitivity.

The client has been taking her antibiotic for five days. She tells the nurse that she is now experiencing vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse suspects what has occurred?

The client has developed a superinfection.

Fluoroquinolones, such as norfloxacin (Noroxin), are commonly prescribed antibiotics given to treat which of the following?

UTI (urinary track infection)

The nurse should advise the client to avoid taking which medication at the same time as a fluoroquinolone?

antacids

A nurse knows that when administering intravenous (IV) carbapenem, the highest priority action after administration is:

assessing the IV site for any complication

A nurse knows that when administering intravenous (IV) carbapenem, the highest priority action after administration is:

assessing the IV site for any complication.

When describing the action of fluoroquinolones to treat infection to a group of nursing students, which action would the instructor most likely include?

bactericidal

The nurse identifies Zyvox, the first drug in a new class called the oxazolidinones, to be which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

bacteriostatic bactericidal

A client prescribed rifaximin for diarrhea has developed frank bleeding in the stool. What intervention should the nurse anticipate being implemented to best ensure client safety?

changing to a different antibiotic

A client with a gram-negative bacterial infection has been prescribed a fluoroquinolone. During the preadministration assessment, the nurse should ensure that which laboratory tests, if prescribed, are obtained before the first dose of fluoroquinolones is administered to the client?

culture and sensitivity test

The client has been prescribed a fluoroquinolone. The nurse knows that nursing interventions for clients taking fluoroquinolones include which?

increase fluid intake.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about fluoroquinolones. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which as an example?

metronidazole

Numerous residents of a long-term care facility have developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea over the past week. The nurses at this facility would anticipate that many residents would require which medication therapy?

metronidazole

When preparing to administer a fluoroquinolone, the nurse understands that the majority of drugs belonging to this class are administered by which route?

oral

What route of administration is most commonly used for the administration of ciprofloxacin when prescribed to an older adult client?

oral (PO)

A client is receiving levofloxacin (Levaquin) IV. During an infusion, the client reports pain and the nurse notes a reddened area along the vein. What does the nurse suspect?

phlebitis

A client comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse notes a sunburn-like appearance to the client's skin. The client's history reveals the use of ciprofloxacin. The nurse interprets which adverse effect regarding this finding?

photosensitivity

A client is prescribed ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO twice a day. When would the nurse most likely administer the drug?

twice daily PO, 2 hours after the meal