Chapter 9; Psychological Disorders

Of the following, which group is most likely, compared to others, to report physical (non-psychological) symptoms of their depressive illness?

Japanese

Historically, many symptoms of schizophrenia recognized today were labeled ____________:

Madness

Symptoms of psychological disorders that are observable in practically all cultures are called "______________."

Central

What is the repressive adaptive style of coping with illness?

An individual's desire to hide the symptoms

What is the label for recurrent, locally specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-5 diagnostic category? These patterns are generally limited to specific societies or areas and indicate repetitive and troubling sets of experiences and observations.

Cultural Syndromes

What is the name for recurrent, locally specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that are generally limited to specific societies or areas and indicate repetitive sets of symptoms?

Culture-bound syndromes

"____________" is the term used to describe a deterioration of cognitive functioning, including memory loss, aphasia, or disturbed executive functioning.

Dementia

What is the name of the category of psychological disorders characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness, despair, guilt, loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable, and disturbance in sleep and appetite?

Depressive Disorders

A detailed description of known diseases and injuries called the DSM-2017 is published by the World Health Organization, a branch of the United Nations.

False

Across cultures, the prevalence of alcohol use and abuse is greater in women than men.

False

In Caribbean cultures, symptoms that involve a belief that the soul leaves the body after a frightening event and causes unhappiness and sickness are called "Ghost sickness."

False

In collectivist cultures, compared to individualist ones, there should be more tolerance for people exhibiting histrionic or anti-social traits.

False

The combination of Asian cultures' belief in the unity of the mind and body with the Asian tendency not to express feelings openly may lead to the presentation of psychological complaints and the underreporting of somatic symptoms.

False

The cultural background of a professional (a psychologist, for example) can influence and often distort his or her perception of psychological and behavioral symptoms in other people. This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.

False

There is a statistical difference between people of Western cultures and non-Western cultures in terms of how they experience depressive symptoms. Which symptoms are more common in Western cultures than in non-Western cultures?

Guilt

How do individuals living in collectivistic cultures most commonly address their disturbing psychological problems?

Help is commonly received from family members and close friends.

______________ is a clinically significant behavioral and psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.

Mental Disorder

Which ethnic group in the United States tends to use mental health services the least?

Mexican Americans

According to international statistics, suicide is the lowest in predominantly _______________ countries.

Muslim

Globally, what are the odds that an individual will be diagnosed with schizophrenia during his or her life?

One in a Hundred

Studies show that suicidal youths are more likely than non-suicidal youths to have been born ___________________.

Outside of the United States

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture are referred to as _______________.

Personality Disorders

The text addresses the notion that all cultural groups are socially stratified. What implication, if any, does this have for psychological counseling?

Professional occupation, income, and educational level bring diversity into any national, religious, racial, or ethnic group.

What is the common name for the treatment of psychological disorders through psychological means, generally involving verbal interaction with a professional therapist?

Psychotherapy

__________ is a disorder characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior.

Schizophrenia

"Dhat" is a cultural syndrome that occurs primarily in India. However, similar conditions also occur in which two countries?

Sri Lanka and China

As a board certified professional, you diagnosed your client, a 22-year-old man, with "demonic possession." Upon submitting your claim to his insurance company for payment, you quickly find that they refuse to compensate you. Why did this happen?

The diagnosis should have been given within the DSM-5 guidelines.

The ____________ is a measure of tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a cultural environment.

Tolerance Threshold

"Frigophobia" refers to a culture-bound syndrome occurring in China that is signified by an excessive fear of being cold.

True

In Psychology, "folk beliefs" refer to common assumptions about normal and abnormal psychological functioning.

True

Japan has a high rate of suicide that is comparable to that of the United States.

True

Michael Phillip's (2004) research revealed that Schizophrenia was more prevalent in Chinese females than males.

True

Psychologists report that people in collectivist cultures are more likely to display repressive adaptive style than people from other groups.

True

Suicide remains the third leading cause of death among African Americans aged 15-19 years old.

True

The main result of the 1994 major international study is that personality disorders have relatively similar features and that they can be assessed with a reasonably high reliability across different nations, languages, and cultures.

True

The "____________" is a view or perspective of psychological disorders, according to which people share a great number of similar features, attitudes, values, and behavioral responses despite cultural differences.

Universalist perspective

Imagine that you are a psychologist working in private practice in the United States. You have a new client from a non-Western culture who claims that her psychological problems are caused by evil spiritual forces emitted from her mother-in-law. Would you consider this client delusional?

Yes, but only if this person is relatively educated and culturally integrated in the United States.

The "__________" is a view or perspective of psychological disorders, according to which human beings develop ideas, establish behavioral norms, and learn emotional responses consistent with a set of cultural prescriptions.

relativist perspective

People in non-Western cultures tend to "somatize" their distress, whereas people Western cultures have the tendency to "psychologize" it.

true