Chapter 9 Psychology

The physical activities involved in playing soccer would mostly include which kind of motor skills?

Gross

Which progression represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Angus, who is 86 years old, looks back on his life wishing that he had finished seminary and become a missionary. Angus is most likely in Erikson's ____ stage.

ego integrity versus despair

By egocentrism, Piaget meant that the child believes that ____.

everyone else sees the world as the child does

The physical activities involved in drawing an accurate representation of a circle would mostly include ________ motor skills.

fine

The fact that the young brain prunes and discards neural connections that are not used suggests that ____.

it's important to provide stimulating environments to children

Maternal stress and anxiety during pregnancy is associated with subsequent higher risk of ____ in the child.

obesity

The effects of teratogens depend on when the fetus is exposed, with the times of greatest risk being known as ____.

sensitive periods

Viability of the fetus is reached by ____ weeks.

24

The average age at first marriage in the United States is ____ for men, and ____ for women.

29; 27

Your parents have been married for 20 years and there are school-aged children in the home. In terms of whether your parents report the marriage is going well "all the time," it is most likely that your parents ____.

are at an all-time low in marital satisfaction

Bill believes that children need physical punishment and are usually not competent enough to make their own decisions or be involved in family decisions. Diana Baumrind would characterize his parenting style as ____.

authoritarian

Vygotsky is to ____ as Piaget is to ____.

cultural variations; fixed stages

Cameron believes that people are either heterosexual or homosexual and that there is no in-between. Cameron's belief is an example of ____.

dualistic thinking

As a baby, Inna was generally in a good mood, approached new people, and had a regular pattern of eating and sleeping. Inna most likely has a(n) ____ temperament.

easy

Parents who do not hold firm gender expectations have ____.

sons and daughters who are less gender-typed

When a parent of an easy child takes advantage of the child's positive and flexible nature and does not provide a lot of stimulation or guidance, the outcome may not be positive. This provides a good example of the importance of ____.

the "goodness-of-fit" between parenting style and the child's temperament

Regarding the changes in the brain that occur in adolescence, it is most accurate to say that ____.

the changes correlate with some typical aspects of teenage behavior

An adolescent may become very self-conscious when walking through the cafeteria at school when many others are present. This feeling stems from the belief that others are watching their every move and is called ____.

the imaginary audience

Assimilation is to ____, as accommodation is to ____.

use of existing schema; creation of new schema