Chapter 9 quiz

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around: a. 15 mya. b. 10 mya. c. 25 mya. d. 5 mya.

25 mya

Eocene primates differ from Paleocene primates in the following way(s) a. All of the choices are correct. b. increased vision c. reduced sense of smell d. larger brain

ALL

The common ancestor of all later catarrhines, Old World monkeys, and hominins was likely a. Dryopithecus. b. Eosimias. c. Proconsul. d. Aegyptopithecus.

Aegyptopithecus.

The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is: a. Parapithecus. b. Apidium. c. Aegyptopithecus. d. Oligopithecus.

Aegyptopithecus.

Primate fossils have been recovered from all of the following continents except: a. Australia b. North America c. Europe d. Asia

Australia

Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapids and omomyids? a. Notharctus b. Proconsul c. Carpolestes d. Eosimias

Carpolestes

Basal anthropoids are: a. Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids. b. Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates. c. Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates. d. Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.

Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.

Euprimates, the first true primates, consisted of the following two groups: a. Platyrrhines and Catarrhines b. Adapids and Anthropoids c. Plesiadapiforms and Omomyids d. Omomyids and Adapids

Omomyids and Adapids

Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans? a. Gigantopithecus b. Dryopithecus c. Sivapithecus d. Ouranopithecus

Ouranopithecus

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is: a. bilophodont molars. b. a 2-1-2-3 dental formula. c. a Y-5 molar pattern. d. a long canine tooth in males.

a Y-5 molar pattern.

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain? a. plesiadapiforms b. adapids and omomyids c. basal anthropoids d. proprimates and euprimates

adapids and omomyids

Monkeys underwent massive _______ in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. a. extinction b. migration c. diversification d. adaptive radiation

adaptive radiation

The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive: a. primate. b. anthropoid. c. ape. d. New World monkey.

anthropoid

Which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone? a. anthropoids b. plesiadapiforms c. adapids d. omomyids

anthropoids

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate? a. prosimians b. apes c. monkeys d. humans

apes

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that: a. primates could see predators in advance. b. primates' unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees. c. primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects. d. certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n): a. diastema. b. alveolus. c. retrocanine space. d. mandibular gap.

diastema.

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of: a. cooler climates, where it is more difficult to preserve larger ape fossils. b. declines in ape diversity, caused by competition from hominin species. c. differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate. d. global climate changes that resulted in cooler, wetter environments less optimal for ape species.

differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate.

Robert Sussman's angiosperm radiation hypothesis is based on the finding that a. the first primates preyed on small insects called angiosperms. b. fruit was a newly available food source in the Cenozoic era. c. None of the choices is correct. d. primate evolution was jump-started by the elongation of the radii (the lower arm bones) necessary for swinging through the trees.

fruit was a newly available food source in the Cenozoic era.

The arboreal hypothesis of primate origins explains that a. a heightened sense of smell was important for finding food in the forest. b. grasping hands and feet were necessary for living in trees. c. None of the choices is correct. d. greater intelligence allowed primates to locomote on two feet.

grasping hands and feet were necessary for living in trees.

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as: a. grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence. b. developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet. c. developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails. d. grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.

grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species? a. short fingers and toes b. pointy teeth c. long legs d. large eye orbits

large eye orbits

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage? a. gibbon b. orangutan c. gorilla d. chimpanzee

orangutan

The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is that: a. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to South America. b. Old and New World anthropoids evolved independently from different lineages in Africa and South America, respectively. c. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated to South America in the Oligocene. d. platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated south on land to Antarctica, then to Patagonia.

platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to South America.

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that: a. predators had the ability to see primates better. b. primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals. c. better vision allowed for better access to fruits and small insects. d. species could see predators from further away, thereby securing time to flee.

primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals.

Euprimates represent the first true: a. mammals. b. primates. c. anthropoids. d. catarrhini.

primates.

Plesiadapiforms are also called: a. adapids. b. proconsulids. c. proprimates. d. dryopithecids.

proprimates.

Gigantopithecus stood _______ feet tall and weighed _______ pounds. a. six; 250 b. five; 400 c. ten; 660 d. four; 300

ten; 660

A valid criticism of the arboreal hypothesis of primate origins is that a. insects and other small creatures do not live in arboreal habitats. b. the opossum is also an arboreal mammal but did not develop uniquely primate traits. c. arboreal animals do not eat fruit, which was prevalent in early Cenozoic. d. All of the choices are correct.

the opossum is also an arboreal mammal but did not develop uniquely primate traits.

A valid criticism of the idea that anthropoids evolved independently in Africa and South America is that a. Africa's fossil record dates back only 6 million years, so it is impossible to trace independent evolution of primates in these two areas. b. None of the choices is correct. c. organisms cannot evolve into similar forms independently. d. there are striking similarities between Old World and New World primates, not only in phenotype but also in genotype.

there are striking similarities between Old World and New World primates, not only in phenotype but also in genotype.