Chapter 9 Retake

which is the strongest correlation

-.90

range is (20-16)

4

median score (middle number)

6

what is the mean

6

what is the mode

7

the concept of habituation is best exemplified by which of the following situations

a college student is no longer kept awake by her roomate's late night typing

to minimize experimenter bias, researchers should use

a double blind design

gender differences have most often been found by which of the following

aggression

researchers want to study the effects of teratogens

an experiment using pregnant rats

researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems

as income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases

Little Andrea has just learned that robins are birds. She now sees a sparrow, points to it, and calls out "Bird!" According to Jean Piaget, Andrea is showing the cognitive process of

assimilation

which parenting style is characterized by high demands for obedience and low warmth

authoritarian

According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following parental styles results in the most socially competent and responsible adults?

authoritative

The most well-adjusted and socially competent children tend to come from homes where parents employ which of the following parental styles?

authoritative

what is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population

by using a random selection of people in that population

which of the following is true about gender roles in children

children often develop traditional gender roles despite parents discouragement of such roles

lawrence kholbergs theory of moral reasoning is best described by which of the following

children progress from a morality based on punishment and reward to one defined by convention, and ultimately to one defined by abstract ethical prinicples

According to Jean Piaget, what is the earliest stage at which a child is capable of using simple logic to think about objects and events?

concrete operational

Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys suggest which of the following as most important for infants when establishing an attachment to their mothers?

contact comfort to attachment

Harry Harlow found that when infant monkeys were startled or frightened, they preferred a cloth surrogate mother over a wire mother who had food. The baby monkeys' response indicated that

contact comfort was more important to them than food

Melissa reads in a parenting magazine that the average age at which children first walk on their own is twelve months old, and most children walk within the range of nine to seventeen months old. The article is discussing the concept of

developmental norms

Shanquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with...

erik erikson

in a research study, informed consent is a concern of

ethics

which of the following is more associated with the environmental effects than with genetic influence

fetal alcohol syndrome

preschoolers often have trouble buttoning shirts due to less developed

fine motor skills

hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristics of which jean piaget stage

formal operations

Infants are repeatedly shown an object dropping onto a platform. Eventually, the infants spend less time looking at the object, and their heart rates and respirations decrease. This is an example of

habituation

which psychologist reported that infant attatchment to another goes beyond satisfaction of the need for nourishment

harry harlow

Rik, who is an adolescent, was always studious and quiet throughout childhood. His parents are concerned because he suddenly dyed his hair, pierced his tongue, and started hanging out with a different crowd. A few months later, he tried out for the football team and became so active in sports that he neglected his schoolwork. According to psychologists, which of the following would best explain Rik's changes in behavior?

he is going through the process of exploring his i8dentity that many adolescents experience

Of the following cognitive milestones, which ability tends to be acquired last?

hypothetical thinking

which of the following did erik erikson say was the primary conflict through which teenager needs to work

identity vs role confusion

konrad lorez found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first moving object it sees.

imprinting

which of the following research findings supports a strong biological basis for behavior

individuals working in a group put forth less effort than they put forth when working alone

A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stages of development?

industry vs inferiority

according to erik erikson, in late adulthood the individual reaches the eigth and final stage of the life span in which one reviews and evaluates ones life and the choices one has made

integrity vs despair

according to erik erikson, individuals in early childhood often seek a life partner with whom they will share their most closely held secrets and hopes. Erikson called this psychological stage of development

intimacy vs isolation

According to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (APA), which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects?

it should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research

The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?

nature nurture

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances' behavior indicates that she has developed

object permanance

understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is

object permanance

which scatterplot is the weakest

one with no slant

When parents set few controls on their children's television viewing, allowing the children freedom to set individual limits, make few demands, and do not punish for improper television viewing, the parents exemplify a parenting style referred to as

permissive

In trying to replicate Lawrence Kohlberg's research, several college psychology students observed four-year-olds in five prekindergarten classes. Their observations most likely indicated that these children were

preconventional

Jeremy happily played with his colorful blocks while his mother was nearby. When his mother left the room, he became upset, but he quickly stopped crying and began to play with the blocks again. When his mother returned, he greeted her happily. Which of the following patterns of attachment reflects Jeremy's actions?

secure

Laura is in transition from Erik Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage into the identity versus role confusion stage. Which of the following is most likely what Laura is experiencing?

she is less interested in accomplishing things and more interested in defining herself

which of the following describes the different emotional dispositions of infants

tempermant

based on the bar graph above, which is most accurate

the more genetically related people are, the more similar their intelligence scores

the generalizability of a study increases

the sample is more representative of the population

Paul and Sally, who met and married in their mid-20s, have been married for 25 years. Their youngest child recently graduated from high school and has left for college. Which of the following is most likely true of this couple?

their relationship will improve

carol gilligans's criticism of lawrence kholbergs development theory is based on the argument..

theory fails to account sufficiently for differences between males and females