chapter 9 smartbook

Select three examples of intrinsic rewards.

Feeling that your work contributes to the company Feeling that your work contributes to society Personal satisfaction

When a worker's productivity increases regardless of the physical conditions of the workplace, this is referred to as the ______ effect.

Hawthorne

How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees?

The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities

Flextime can be described as ______.

a program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period

How do Theory Y managers view their employees?

as people who like to work

The idea that managers can change employee behavior by administering consequences related to the employee's actions is called ______.

behavior modification

In the workplace, which of the following would most relate to esteem needs?

competition - it is related to both self-respect and respect from others

Workers who work at home and are connected to the workplace by computers and telephones are called _____

telecommuters

Benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate is a(n) ______ reward.

extrinsic

What was the main objective of the time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth?

increase worker productivity

Feeling personal satisfaction refers to what type of reward?

intrinsic

____ is an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals.

motivation

Herzberg studied the relationship between ______.

motivation and job-related factors

Jack has elderly parents he needs to care for and he would like to cut his hours down to half-time. Which flexible scheduling strategy might work for Jack?

job sharing ( when two people do the work of 1)

Time and motion studies conducted by Frederick Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in the early 20th century focused on how workers perform specific work tasks in an effort to improve ________.

productivity

Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start altogether. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "need" in this scenario? Requiring a car for work and not having one that functions Having selected a new vehicle that he now owns Having to shop around for a new vehicle Filling out the required paperwork

requiring a car for work and not having one that functions

B.F. Skinner, a psychologist who developed behavior modification, theory found that behavior that is ______ will tend to be increased, whereas behavior that is ______ will tend to be eliminated.

rewarded; punished

Rank Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the order in which people strive to satisfy them. The first need that people attempt to satisfy should be at the bottom of your list and the highest developed need should be at the top of your list.

self-actualization needs esteem needs social needs security needs physiological needs

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to fulfill ______ needs, a person may try to make friends with a coworker, join a group, volunteer at a hospital, and/or throw a party.

social

Mayo's findings in the Hawthorne studies revealed that workers were responding to ______.

the attention they received

Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers?

the classical theory of motivation

Which of the following is a security need?

the need for health insurance

McGregor constructed two views of management--the traditional view, which he called _______, and a humanistic view, which he called _______.

theory X; theory Y

True or false: With job sharing, the company has the benefit of the skills of two people for one job.

true

Job enlargement is a job design strategy ______.

where more tasks are added to a job

According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.

wishing to avoid responsibility

The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between ______.

workplace conditions and productivity

Which of the following is a characteristic of an engaged worker? Puts in time, but not energy Undermines the efforts of engaged workers Does the minimum amount of work to get by Works with a commitment to the organization

works with a commitment to the organization

Which theory states that goals act as motivators to focus employee efforts on achieving certain performance outcomes?

goal- setting theory

Job rotation, job enrichment, and flexible scheduling are examples of ______.

job design strategies

Ann works as a receptionist for a large company. Since the job is fairly repetitive, Ann gets bored easily. Her company recently offered Ann the opportunity to rotate to other departments in administrative jobs so she can learn new skills related to the other departments. This is an example of ______ _______

job rotation

Something given to you by someone else in recognition of good work is referred to as a(n) ______ reward.

extrinsic

True or false: The initial result of the Hawthorne studies demonstrated that no matter what the levels of light and noise were, worker productivity increased simply because the workers liked the attention they received by being part of a study.

true

Lee works 40 hours per week, typically working 10 hours per day Monday through Thursday, and taking a three-day weekend. Lee works a ______ workweek

compressed

What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?

equity

_____ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.

equity

Greg's team was given the task of updating the company's invoice and billing system. They completed the project ahead of schedule and came in way under budget. As a result, everyone on the team received a bonus. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward.

extrinsic

Flextime, compressed workweeks, job sharing, part-time work, and telecommuting are all ______ scheduling strategies.

flexible

______ has benefits for both companies and employees in that it increases a company's ability to recruit and retain workers and allows employees to balance work and home life by allowing them to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are there during a specified core period.

flextime

Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start altogether. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "goal" in this scenario? Requiring a car for work and not having one that functions Having selected a new vehicle that he now owns Having to shop around for a new vehicle Filling out the required paperwork

having selected a new vehicle that he now owns

Managers who strive to understand how to boost workplace morale, maximize productivity, and motivate employees to be more effective are concerned with the study of ______.

human relations

Which area of the organizational environment seeks to understand what motivates employees to perform on the job?

human relations

In equity theory, a worker's contribution to the organization is referred to as his or her _______, while rewards offered by the organization are referred to as _______.

input; output

After working for months to learn how to use a drill press, Taryn finally mastered the use of the tool. She is pleased that her hard work paid off. This is an example of a(n) ______ reward.

intrinsic

An example of Maslow's hierarchy is when a person has eaten a six-course meal and ______.

is no longer motivated by hunger

In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they?

linking pay to output and job specialization

An employee's attitude toward his or her job, employer, and colleagues is referred to as that employee's ______.

morale

When a need is unmet, Maslow states that people will be _____ to fill it.

motivated

An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______.

motivation

Vroom's expectancy theory states that ______.

motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it

Which element(s) in the work environment was found to dissatisfy workers when not present, but when present did not serve as a motivator for workers?

pay and job security

Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow.

physiological

The original intent of the Hawthorne studies was to conduct a study to correlate physical conditions in the workplace--such as the level of lighting--with worker's ______.

productivity