Chapter 9: The Renaissance In Europe

2 major developments of Italian Renaissance art?

1. An emphasis on the technical side of painting and study of movement 2. Human anatomy, help Renaissance achieve the realistic portrayal of the individual

List the three main characteristics of the Italian Renaissance

1. Emphasis on Greek and roman culture 2. Urbanization: the growth of cities (Florence, Milan, Venice) 3. Individual ability-Humanism

Humanism

An important intellectual movement of the renaissance Based on the study if the classics, which included the literature of ancients Greece and Rome Humanists studies grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy and history

How were the lives of burghers and workers similar?

Both lived miserable lives and made up a significant portion of the urban population. Burghers: the shoekeepers, artisans, guild master and members

List Italian writers who wrote vernacular literature

Dante: author of the Divine Comedy Christine de Pizan: she is best known for her works written in defense of women

Facts about Venice

Eastern coast along Adriatic Sea Oligarchy -rule of few Venice was a republic with an elected leader called DOGE

Robert campin

Flemish painter Used the technique of shadows (portrayed objects realistically by focusing on their fine details.

How did these states rise to power, and what kind if power did they have?

Flourishing trade The lack of a single ruler made it possible for the states to remain independent and dominate the Peninsula They had economic power

Johannesburg Gutenberg

German printer Pioneered a new kind of printing that used the MOVABLE TYPE

Who was Francesco Petrach?

Known as the father of Italian Renaissance humanism Began the emphasis on using pure Classical Latin Searched for ancient Latin manuscripts

How did the growth of monarchical states in Europe affect the Italian states?

Led to trouble with the French Charles VIII (French King) led an army into Italy and occupied the kingdom of Naples. Northern Italian states turned for help to the Spanish

Master painters during the High Renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo captured the perfection of nature and of the individual in their art

What did Machiavelli think about the connection between politics and moral principles?

Machiavellian believed that morality was unrelated to politics. He believed that one must do anything to stay and gain power

What were the major territorial states?

Milan Venice Florence Papal States Kingdom of Naples

What was expected of the nobility in Renaissance society?

Nobles were expected to fulfill certain ideals in Renaissance society The key ideals of a noble is that he must have character, grace, and talent He had to be a warrior and also needed a classical education and interest in the arts

Facts about Florence

Northern Italian region of Tuscany Republic- elected officials Famous Family: ruled by Medici Family -bankers

What was the purpose of marriage?

Parents carefully arranged marriages to strengthen business or family ties A dowry was included

Facts about Milan

Ruled by Visconti and Sforza Families Full of crossroads to trade routes with the Visconti Family Sforza family: -hired mercenaries -becomes duke of Milan -efficient tax systems

Liberal studies

Secular focus of education in the humanist movement led to liberal studies History, ethics, public speaking, grammar, logic, poetry, mathesmatics, astronomy and music

Vernacular

The local spoken language

What was the role of the mother-wide in the Italian family?

The mothers chief role was to supervise household and raise her children

Describe the lives of the urban upper class in Renaissance society

With their wealth from trade, industry and banking the urban upper class dominated their communities At the top of urban society's were the patricians