Chapter 9 Urban Geography
Multiple Nuclei Model- Harris and Ullman
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SE Asian City- McGee
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Sector Model- Hoyt Model
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The African City
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Urban Realms Model
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primate city
A country's largest city - ranking atop the urban hierarchy - most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital.
redlining
A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, redlining is officially illegal.
urban realms
A spatial generalization of the large, late-twentieth century city in the US. Is shown to be a widely dispersed multi-centered metropolis consisting of increasingly independent zones, or realms, each focused on its own suburban downtown; the only exception is the shrunken central realm,. which is focused on the CBD.
Concentric Zone Model- Burgess Model
A structural model of the American central city that suggests the existence of five concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center.
Edge cities and an example
A term introduced by American journalist Joel Garreau in order to describe the shifting focus of urbanization in the US away from the CBD toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe. These cities are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas, and modern buildings.<30 years old
spaces of consumption
Areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services; driven primarily by the global media industry.
Griffin-Ford model
Developed by geographers Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford, a model of the3 Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene.
world cities
Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Not the world's biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy.
Rank-size rule
In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
zoning laws
Legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the US, areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, retail or industrial use.
blockbusting
Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting outmigration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties.
CBD (central business district)
The downtown heart of a central city, the CBD is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.
formal economy vs informal economy
The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product (GNP); as opposed to the informal economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that governments GNP
gentrification
The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner city residents.
commercialization
The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.
central place theory
Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.
shantytowns
Unplanned slum developments on the margins of cities dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron and even pieces of cardboard.