Chapter 9L

What was unique about the music that developed in Cordoba, Spain?

It blended Arab & native Spanish culture.

List 2 ways Muslims adapted & expanded bookmaking.

Learn the art of parer making from the Chinese. Bookshops opened; sold copies of the Qur'an, volumes of poetry.

Why is the Indian concept of zero, which Muslims helped spread, significant?

0 is important in calculations, it also makes it easier to write large numbers.

What factors combined to promote learning in Muslim Lands?

1.) A shared language(Arabic) 2.) A love of learning allowed for an exchange of ideas between Muslims through out the world 3.) Muslim rulers built schools, colleges, libraries, & other centers of learning.

List 3 important details about the city of Baghdad.

1.) City with different styles of buildings 2.) Minarets 3.) Thick walls surrounding city

List 2 accomplishments of Muslims in Geography & Navigation.

1.) Divided the world into climate zones 2.) Calculated Earth's circumference within nine mines of its correct value 3.) Created extremely accurate maps & atlases 4.) Perfected the compass & astrolabe

Zoology

1.) Wrote books describing animals' bodies 2.) explained how to make medicine from animal parts

Astronomy

1.) used compasses & astrolabes to locate Markka 2.) Realized that the Earth rotated

Chess

Chess is a battle of wits like a complex version of checkers. Popular as an intellectual challenge.

Describe the purpose of the 2 navigational instruments adapted and perfected by Muslims.

Compass(from China) allows people to identify the direction in which they are traveling Astrolabe(from Greeks) sailors could use the position of objects in the sky to pinpoint their location.

Hospitals

Created first hospitals with universal health care

Medications

Created plant, animal & mineral remedies antiseptics and drugs

What are 2 reasons why Al-Khwarizmi's books were important to the field of mathematics?

His famous book on algebra became the most important math text in Europe. Another of his books helped popularize Arabic numerals in Europe, which are still used today.

List 2 ways textiles were important to medieval Muslims.

Practical items like clothing could shoe rant & status & as a trade good.

Polo

Teams on horseback use mallets to knock a ball through a goal. Muslims viewed horses as a status symbol so polo became popular among the wealthy.

What tech. advancements did the Muslims make to take care of scarce water resources?

They built canals & waterways to bring water where it was needed.

Describe how mosques are designed.

They have minarets for the call to prayer, walked courtyard outside with a fountain for washing, inside is the prayer room.

How did Muslims philosophers follow the example of Greek scholars?

They used reason & logic to try to prove important truths.

What types of designs did Muslims use in their decorative art?

They used shaped & patterns found in nature & geometry into designs & decorations. Calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing was another highly valued art form.

List 1 example of famous Muslim literature. Where did the stories originnate, & where did they spread?

Thousand and one Nights also called Arabian Nights- is a collection of stories that originally came from many places like India, Persia, & the Middle East. It eventually spread to Europe.

Disease

Understood identification were caused by bacteria studied diseases to learn to diagnose & treat.

Surgery

Used opium+hemlock to put to sleep. Took out tumors+cataracts, stitched wounds.