Chapter Eight: public opinion and voting

A law that require citizens to cast a ballot in the election is known as

Compulsory voting

Sampling error is the -

Difference between what the poll shows and what the results would have been if everyone in the relevant population had been interviewed

Most political socialization is informal, and it usually begins -.

During early childhood

Among the factors affecting voter turnout, - appears to be the most important

Educational attainment

Some factors that influence how people vote can be to gripe it as Socioeconomic. What are four socioeconomic factors?

Educational attainment, occupation, income, age

Polls that rely on interviewing voters immediately after they vote are - polls.

Exit

When I pullers results appear to consistently favor one of the two major political parties, pulling experts referred to this phenomenon as a -.

House Effect

What effects the outcome of polls?

House Effect, The Timing of Polling, Question Framing, Statistical modeling.

What is a random poll?

In the context of opinion polling, a sample in which each person within the entire population being polled has an equal chance of being chosen

The framers of the Constitution

Left the power to set suffrage qualifications to the individual states

The - requires states to provide all eligible citizens with the opportunity to register to vote when they apply for or renew drivers license

National voter registration act of 1993

The - requires that states allow mail- in voter registration

National voter registration act of 1993

In the 2012 election, many major polling firms

Overestimated republican turnout

For established voters, - is one of the most important and lasting predictors as to how that person will vote.

Party Identification

An emotional attachment to a political party is known as -.

Party identification

When people vote for candidates who share their position on particular issues, they are engaging in - voting.

Policy

Most people acquire their political attitudes, opinions, believes, and knowledge to the complex learning process known as

Political socialization

The 24th amendment outlawed - in national elections

Poll taxes

The 2002 to help America vote act

Provided funds to the states to help them purchase new electronic voting equipment

A - Paul is a campaign tactics used to feed false or misleading information to political voters, under the guise of taking an opinion poll.

Push

A sample in which each person within the entire population being pulled has an equal chance of being chosen is a - sample.

Random

Every state except North Dakota required voters to - before voting

Register with the appropriate state or local officials

What is a political agent that teaches young people citizenship skills through rules and regulations?

Schools

In the 2012 presidential elections, mitt Romney had the solid support of white, working-class voters only in the - of the United States.

Souther region

The - banned the use of white primaries

Supreme Court's decision in Smith vs. Allwright 1944

In politics, the term gender gap refers to -.

The difference between the percentage of voters who cast for a specific candidate by women and the percentage of voters cast for the same candidate by men

What were literacy tests used for?

They were used in many southern states to restrict African-American participation in elections

Solid south was a term used to describe the tendency of the South states to -

Vote Democratic first century after the Civil War

The number of people residing in the United States who are at least 18 years of age is known as

Voting age population

Why does voting participation increase with age?

Voting participation likely increases with age because older people tend to be more settled, are already registered, and have had more experience with voting.

Literacy test as a qualification for registering to vote were prohibited by the

Voting rights act of 1965

In recent years, - have formed Republican party candidates by substantial margins

White, Christian voters Who attended church regularly

Grandfather clauses and state laws have the effect of restricting the franchise to those

Whose ancestors had voted before the 1860s

To gain popularity, I Canet it might claim that all the polls show that he or she is ahead in the race. People who want to support the winner Maibach this candidate despite their true feelings. This is often called the - effect.

"Bandwagon"

Today, the most reputable polls sample between - and - people.

1,500 and 2,000

Laws that disenfranchise Fallons deny - of African-Americans the right to vote

13 percent

The - granted Suffridge to African American males.

15th amendment

In the United States today, citizens who are at least - years of age and who are not felons have the right to vote.

18

In -, The US Supreme Court riveted the use of the grandfather clause in state election laws as a technique to prevent African Americans from exercising the right to vote

1915

Women were granted the right to vote in

1920

Some political analysis believe that the political gender gap became a major determinant of voter decision-making in the - election

1989 (Reagan)

The - prohibited discrimination and voting on the basis of gender

19th amendment

Residents of the district of Columbia were given the right to vote for president and vice president in the

23rd amendment

In 1971, the - restricted them in on voting age to 18

26th amendment

Since 1970, no state can impose a residency requirement of voting of more than

30 days

Recent polls indicate that - of Americans identify themselves as moderates

35 percent

In the United States, about - of the population are not voters

40 percent

Recent polls indicate that - of Americans consider themselves conservatives

40 percent

And into thousand 12 presidential election, mitt Romney lost the national election with - of the popular vote.

47 percent

In the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama won the national election with - of the popular vote

51 percent

In the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama won - of female voters

55 percent

Voter turnout in presidential elections have Hubbard out about - since 1968

55 percent

In the 2012 presidential elections,- A boaters ages 65 or over voted for mitt Romney.

56 percent

In the 2012 presidential elections,- of black voters voted for mitt Romney

6 percent

In the 2012 presidential election, - of voters ages 18-29 voted for Barack Obama.

60 percent

In the 2012 presidential election, - of voters with no high school education voted for Barack Obama.

64 percent

Among the voters cast nationwide, about - use paper ballots

66 percent

In the 2012 presidential elections,- of voters who identified themselves as having no religion voted for Barack Obama.

70 percent

I meant to thousand 12 presidential elections, - of Hispanics voted for Barack Obama.

71 percent

In the 2012 presidential elections, - of Asian voters voted for Barack Obama.

73 percent

In the 2012 presidential elections, - of voters who identified themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual voted for Barack Obama.

76 percent

In survey research, a group of people typically of the general public is called -.

A Sample

The family is an important agent of political socialization because -.

A child first sees the political world through the eyes of their family

What is a straw poll?

A non-scientific poll in which there is no way to ensure that the options express are representatives of the larger population

The true result of a poll is -

A range of probabilities

Grandfather clauses in the states where one of the techniques used in the south to prevent - from exercising their right to vote

African-Americans

Was that disenfranchise felons disproportionally impacts the right to vote of-

African-Americans

In the state of Oregon, all elections, including presidential elections, are conducted exclusively

By mail

What are four major agents of political socialization?

Churches, peer groups, media, and major life events