Chapter Five SmartBook Qs

The small intestine is designed to absorb most of our ingested nutrients and to secrete enzymes. Which epithelium would be best for this function?

simple columnar epithelium

The kidney tubules carry the filtered fluid through the kidneys and allow secretion and absorption of solutes that will ultimately form the urine. Which epithelium would be best suited for this function?

simple cuboidal epithelium

Within each kidney, blood capillaries and structures called glomerular capsules are made of an epithelial tissue specifically suited for diffusion and filtration. Which epithelium would be best suited for this function?

simple squamous epithelium

The esophagus comes in contact with often rough and abrasive substances as swallowing occurs. No digestion or absorption takes place. Which epithelium would be best for this function?

stratified squamous epithelium

The most distal end of the large intestine is the anal canal. This final passageway is not absorptive and must resist the abrasive nature of feces. Which epithelium would be best for this function?

stratified squamous epithelium

The layered effect observed for pseudostratified columnar epithelium occurs because ___________.

the nuclei lie at two or more levels in the row of aligned cells

The urethra and urinary bladder are designed to accommodate fluctuations in volume of liquid in organs and tubes. Which epithelium would be best for this function?

transitional epithelium

Epithelium that consists of two to three layers of cuboidal cells is called ______ cuboidal epithelium

Stratified

_______ cuboidal epithelium is composed of two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of a lumen

Stratified

The type of epithelium that consists of a superficial layer of columnar cells overlying several layers of cuboidal cells is called _______ columnar epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

The type of epithelium that is named for the shape of the cells in its outermost layer is ___________ epithelium.

Stratified/squamous

The type of epithelial tissue that is specialized to stretch and change in appearance in response to increased tension is _______ epithelium.

Transitional Epithelium

What is the function of red blood cells in blood?

Transporting gases

The hollow parts of certain long bones contain ______ tissues that produce most blood cells.

hematopoietic

Most blood cells form in ______ tissue in the red marrow of certain bones.

hemopoietic

Select all that apply: What are two characteristics of simple columnar epithelium?

-Longer than they are wide -Cells can be ciliated or non-ciliated

Select all that apply: Which are characteristics of simple squamous epithelium?

-Substances pass easily -Cells are thin and flat

Select all that apply: Which of the following are intracellular junctions?

-Tight Junction -Desmosome -Gap Junction

What is the most abundant structural protein in the body?

Collagen

Which is the most abundant tissue type in the body by weight?

Connective tissue

The stratified columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of columnar cells with several layers of _______ cells underneath.

Cuboidal Cells

Which prefix means "cell"?

Cyt-

Select all that apply: What are some functions of blood?

Defense against pathogens Transport of gases Blood clotting (coagulation)

What type of connective tissue is comprised of many interwoven and randomly organized collagen fibers?

Dense irregular connective tissue

Which type of cartilage has a dense network of elastic fibers?

Elastic Cartilage

Select all that apply: What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelia?

-Cube-shaped cells -One layer of cells

Select all that apply: Fibroblasts in connective tissue produce which THREE fiber types?

-Elastic Fibers -Collagen Fibers -Reticular Fibers

The tissue that protects organs in body cavities provides attachment for muscles, forms blood cells, and stores inorganic chemicals such as calcium and phosphorus is _________.

Bone

A rigid connective tissue that provides support, frameworks, and attachments, protects underlying tissues, and forms structural models for many developing bones is ________.

Cartilage

The type of connective tissue that provides support and frameworks for the body, and forms structural models for many developing bones is

Cartilage

Which tissue contains chondrocytes that like in lacunae, and is surrounded by a perichondrium?

Cartilage

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle cells?

Cells are connected by intercalated discs Cells are involuntarily controlled Cells are striated

Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle tissue?

Cells are striated

Which of the major tissue classes covers all free body surfaces, forms the inner lining of body cavities and hollow organs, and is the major tissue forming glands?

Epithelial Tissue

True or false: The cells of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium are organized into multiple layers

False- only appear to have multiple layers, but there is only one.

The star-shaped cell that is the most common type of fixed cell in connective tissues is the _____.

Fibroblast

One or more columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids is called a(n):

Gland(s)

What is the composition of extracellular matrix found in connective tissue?

Glial Cells

The three types of cartilage are fibrocartilage, ________ cartilage, and _________ cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage (most common) Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage

Select all that apply: What are the functions of bone?

It provides attachment for muscles It stores and releases inorganic chemicals such as calcium and phosphorus It supports and protects body structures It forms blood cells in the bone marrow

What is the function of bone tissue?

It stores and releases inorganic chemicals

Connective tissue proper includes which two subcategories of connective tissue?

Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue

The ability to contract in response to specific stimuli is the main characteristic of _______ tissue.

Muscle

Nervous tissue makes up most of which structures?

Nerves The spinal cord The brain

In nervous tissue, the cell type that carries out the main function of the tissue is the ________.

Neuron

Which are the components of cartilage?

Perichondrium Chondrocytes within lacunae Abundant collagenous fibers

Components of blood include formed elements and an extracellular fluid matrix called ________.

Plasma

Select all that apply: blood is composed of which two major parts?

Plasma Formed elements

The two major categories of connective tissues include connective tissue ________ (which includes loose and dense connective tissue) and ________ connective tissue (which includes cartilage, blood, and bone).

Proper and Specialized

Select all that apply: Which are the three main types of body membranes?

Serous Mucous Cutaneous

What type of membrane lines body cavities that do not open to the external environment, such as the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?

Serous Membrane

The tissue that consists of a single layer of elongated (tall) cells whose nuclei are usually at about the same level, near the basement membrane, is _______________ ________________ epithelium.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

The type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells, with centrally located and spherical nuclei is called _______ epithelium.

Simple Cuboidal

The type of muscle tissue that is under voluntary control is _______ muscle tissue.

Skeletal

The type of muscle tissue that has spindle-shaped cells, each with a single centrally located nucleus, is _______ muscle tissue.

Smooth

What type of muscle tissue is found in the wall of blood vessels?

Smooth Muscle

Which type of muscle cells are short, spindle-shaped, non-striated, uninucleated, under involuntary control, and located in walls of hollow internal organs?

Smooth Muscle Cells

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac

Connective tissue is notably different from epithelial tissue. Which statement describes a major difference between these tissue types?

The cells of connective tissues have more space between them

Which is true of simple squamous epithelium?

The design of the tissue makes it ideal for substances to diffuse through it

A group or layer of cells that are similar in structure and performs a common function is called a(n):

Tissue

Muscle tissue that consists of cells that are striated branched, and joined by intercalated discs are called _______ muscle tissue.

cardiac

What do smooth muscle cells look like?

cells are short, spindle-shaped, and involuntary