chapter one quiz questions

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

A dissertation

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

Clinical psychology

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

Developmental

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

Favoring women over men

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which of the following does not influence perception?

Gestalt

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Gordon Allport

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Humanism

Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?

Ida is charming

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

Knowing your opinion is right

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.

Openness

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers.

Postdoctorate

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

Scientific theory

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

Studying the function of behavior in the world

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective.

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Humanism focuses on the potential of all people for evil.

The word "evil" should be changed to the word "good."

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's consciousness

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.

neuroticism

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation of phenomena.

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study of the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________.

thinking critically

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ________, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.

psychoanalytic theory

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory