Chapter Quizzes (ch.1-8)

Researchers generally use a p-value of ________ as a cutoff for determining if data is statistically significant.

.05

________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.

IACUC; IRB

________ focused on examining the physiology of one's behavior and other psychological aspects of the mind.

William james

________ was a German psychologist who argued that psychology is independent from philosophy and that the conscious elements of the mind should be scientifically studied and classified.

Wundt

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

bachelor's degree

Which is the most statistically valuable way to examine the reading levels of cancer patients with the readability of typical cancer pamphlets?

compare the two distributions

Research studies designed to determine whether a relationship exists between variables is known as ________ research.

correlational

Research studies that do not test specific relationships between variables are called

descriptive studies

The three main categories of research are

descriptive, correlational, and experimental

Which of the following are the best examples of skills that psychology students will develop during their course of study?

evaluating information and the scientific method

In the late 19th century, the early school of psychology that was heavily influenced by biology was ________.

functionalism

Cognitive psychology is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

it emphasizes introspection

One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.

master's

A major criticism of Freud's early theories involves the fact that his theories were ________.

not testable

When determining how often an event will happen by chance, researchers look at the ________.

p-values

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.

philosophy

Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment.

placebo

In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind.

structuralism

What conclusions can we draw from the results of the research done by Robert Michael and his colleagues? Select all that apply.

the McCave and Castel study did not replicate Brain imaging might not influence a person's judgement about articles they read

The margin of error describes the ________.

the expected amount of variation in a reported outcome

The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________

the honestly of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

In the example of infants choosing to play with the helper toy over the hinderer toy, what does the p-value tell you?

the probability that the infants chose randomly, that so many of them (14 out of 16) would choose the toy by chance

What is the dependent variable in the McCabe and Castel study?

the three different questions that were rated by the subjects

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard