Chapter Review Questions 8-16

Ch 8 - In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 75. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-46 years inclusive? a) 20% in country A and 25% in country B b) 25% in country A and 20% in country B c) 39% in both countries d) 15% in both countries

b) 25% in country A and 20% in country B

Ch 9 - Which one of the following was not part of China's one-child policy? a) Monthly subsidy for one-child families b) Additional food rations for same-sex couples c) Housing preferences for one-child families d) Job priority for only children

b) Additional food rations for same-sex couples

Ch 9 - Which one of the following is not among the primary reasons that poor people in developing countries have large families? a)High rate of infant and childhood mortality b) Contraceptives are readily available c) Many children provide assurance that parents will be cared for in their old age d) Women are discouraged from obtaining an education

b) Contraceptives are readily available

Ch 12 - Which one of the following countries is the only country in the world with extensive government-supported urban agriculture? a) Russia b) Cuba c) China d) Israel

b) Cuba

Ch 10 - Roughly 99% of crop irrigation globally is done by a) Surge flow and flood irrigation b) Flood irrigation and center-pivot methods c) Center-pivot methods and drip irrigation d) Drip irrigation and surge flow

b) Flood irrigation and center-pivot methods

Ch 11 - Soil containing organic matter and having which one of the following textures is ideal for many types of farming? a) Clay b) Loam c) Sand d) Silt

b) Loam

Ch 11 - Which of the following are two of the negative aspects of no-till agriculture? a) Results in lower crop yields and may increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues b) May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides c) Requires use of herbicides and is restricted to perennial crops d) Is restricted to perennial crops and results in lower crop yields

b) May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides

Ch 12 - The four crops that account for the most production of genetically modified (GM) crops globally are a) Corn, canola, cotton, and rice b) Soybeans, corn, canola, and cotton c) Rice, soybeans, corn, and canola d) Cotton, rice, soybeans, and corn

b) Soybeans, corn, canola, and cotton

Ch 9 - Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world? a) Cancer b) Cardiovascular diseases c) Injuries d) Communicable diseases

d) Communicable diseases

Ch 10 - In which one of the following states is groundwater not being withdrawn faster than it is being naturally replenished? a) Kansas b) New Mexico c) Texas d) Florida

d) Florida

Ch 11 - In a soil profile, the order of horizons from top to bottom is a) O, A, B, C, E b) O, E, C, B, A c) O, A, B, E, C d) O, A, E, B, C

d) O, A, E, B, C

Ch 11 - Which one of the following soils would you expect to find in a tropical rain forest? a) Alfisol b) Aridisol c) Mollisol d) Oxisol

d) Oxisol

Ch 11 - Which one of the following soil horizons is also called topsoil? a) A b) B c) C d) E

a) A

Ch 10 - Which one of the following is an example of adiabatic heating? a) A descending mass of air is warmed as it is compressed b) University Lake is warmed by absorption of solar radiation c) A home is warmed in the winter by a geothermal heat pump d) Water is heated as it passes through the core of a nuclear power plant

a) A descending mass of air is warmed as it is compressed

Ch 12 - Currently irrigated acreage a) Accounts for less than half of all cropland and produces less than half of the world's food b) Accounts for less than half of all cropland but produces more than half of the world's food c) Accounts for more than half of all cropland but produces less than half of the world's food d) Accounts for more than half of all cropland and produces more than half of the world's food

a) Accounts for less than half of all cropland and produces less than half of the world's food

Ch 9- Which one of the following millennium development goals has been achieved? a) Between 1990 and 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 per day b) Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health c) Have halted, by 2015, and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS d) Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs, and reverse the loss of environmental resources

a) Between 1990 and 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 per day

Ch 11 - The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by a) Breakdown of detritus b) Weathering of rocks c) Chemosynthetic bacteria d) Eluviation

a) Breakdown of detritus

Ch 10 - Which one of the following is a consumptive use of water? a) Irrigating crops b) Washing clothes c) Flushing toilets d) Use of cooling water for electric power plants

a) Irrigating crops

Ch 10 - Which of the following reasons explains why few farmers in the United States irrigate their crops via drip irrigation? a) Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high b) Initial installation costs are high and crop yields are reduced c) Crop yields are reduced and the likelihood of salinization increases d) The likelihood of salinization increases and irrigation water is cheap

a) Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high

Ch 11 - What is the principal reason that western rangelands in the United States produce less than half the livestock forage that they did in the early 19th century? a) Overgrazing b) Overdrafting of aquifers c) Failure to rotate crops d) Overcultivation

a) Overgrazing

Ch 8 - Which one of the following statements is not true? a) Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased. b) Since 1960, life expectancy has increased. c) Since 1960, infant mortality has decreased. d) Since 1960, average income per capita has increased.

a) Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased.

Ch 12 - Millennium Development Goal 1 was to reduce by 50% the proportion of children under age five who were moderately or severely underweight. Which one of the following regions had not achieved that goal by 2012? a) Sub-Saharan Africa b) Western Asia c) Eastern Asia d) Latin America and the Caribbean

a) Sub-Saharan Africa

Ch 9 - Which one of the following statements describes what happens when countries pass through the fertility transition? a) The dependency ratio decreases and then increases b) The dependency ratio increases and then decreases c) The dependency ratio decreases and remains low d) The dependency ratio increases and remains high

a) The dependency ratio decreases and then increases

Ch 9 - Cabbages and Condoms is a) The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand b) Two ways to minimize the likelihood of contracting HIV through casual sex c) Two ways to avoid unwanted pregnancies d) A nonprofit with a goal of improving nutrition and reproductive health

a) The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand

Ch 8 - Which one of the following countries has the lowest life expectancy? a) United States b) Japan c) Sweden d) United Kingdom

a) United States

Ch 9 - In 2005, representatives from so-called donor countries agreed to raise their Official Development Assistance (ODA) for developing countries to 0.35% of gross national income by 2010. Which one of the following countries had not achieved that goal by 2014? a) United States b) United Kingdom c) Denmark d) Sweden

a) United States

Ch 9 - Which one of the following statements is not true about the Grameen Bank? a) It loans small amounts of money to poor people b) The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men c) The payback rate on the loans has exceeded 97% d) Recipients of the loans form credit associations

b) The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men

Ch 12 - Which of the following countries have the largest areas of arable land? a) China and United States b) United States and India c) India and Brazil d) Brazil and China

b) United States and India

Ch 12 - In country X, the supply of calories averages 105% of the minimum daily requirement. Of the people living in country X, what percentage is likely to have calorie-deficient diets? a) 0% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75%

c) 50%

Ch 10 - Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell? a) Air rises at 60° latitude and sinks at 30° latitude b) Air sinks at 60° latitude and rises at 30° latitude c) Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30° latitude d) Air sinks at the equator and rises at 30° latitude

c) Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30° latitude

Ch 10 - Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater? a) Lakes b) Wetlands c) Aquifers d) Rivers

c) Aquifers

Ch 12 - The three regions of the world that currently account for the most exported grain are a) Asia, Africa, and Australia/New Zealand b) Africa, Australia/New Zealand, and North America c) Australia/New Zealand, North America, and Western Europe d) North America, Western Europe, and Asia

c) Australia/New Zealand, North America, and Western Europe

Ch 8 - The neolithic revolution... a) Began in Africa about 12,000 years ago b) Began in Europe about 40,000 years ago c) Began in the Middle East about 12,000 years ago d) Began in China about 40,000 years ago

c) Began in the Middle East about 12,000 years ago

Ch 11 - Which one of the following soil horizons does not contain humus? a) O b) A c) C d E

c) C

Ch 9 - Which one of the following is not among the conditions conducive to small families? a) Social security system b) Educational opportunities for women c) Early age at marriage d) High cost of raising children

c) Early age at marriage

Ch 10 - On which of the following continents is more water used for industrial purposes than for agriculture? a) Africa b) Asia c) Europe d) South America

c) Europe

Ch 8 - Which one of the following is the correct order of these revolutions? a) Medical (first), green (second), industrial (third) b) Green (first), industrial (second), Medical (third) c) Industrial (first), medical (second), green (third) d) Green (first), medical (second), Industrial (third)

c) Industrial (first), medical (second), green (third)

Ch 12 - A Bt crop is a genetically modified crop that a) Is better than crops with the wild type genotype b) Is not adversely affected by certain herbicides c) Is resistant to many insect pests d) Is resistant to the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis

c) Is resistant to many insect pests

Ch 12 - The three principal greenhouse gases emitted as a result of agricultural activities are a) Nitrous oxide, ozone, and methane b) Ozone, methane, and carbon dioxide c) Methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide d) Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and ozone

c) Methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide

Ch 11 - Which one of the following is the best soil for agriculture? a) Alfisol b) Aridisol c) Mollisol d) Oxisol

c) Mollisol

Ch 10 - If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the a) Northeast b) Southeast c) Northwest d) Southwest

c) Northwest

Ch 8 - Which one of the following statements is true? a) The demographic transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition b) The fertility transition has preceded the epidemiologic transition c) The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition d) The demographic transition has preceded the fertility transition

c) The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition

Ch 8 - The fertility rate in Burkino Faso has exceeded the replacement rate for many years and is currently about 5.3. if the fertility rate were to suddenly drop to the replacement rate, why would the population of Burkino Faso continue to increase? a) Recent dramatic improvements in health care b) Immigration from neighboring countries c) Improved nutrition from genetically modified crops d)Population momentum

d) Population Momentum

Ch 10 - Which one of the following is not an example of blue water? a) The Mississippi River b) Lake Huron c) Groundwater d) Rainwater taken up by plants

d) Rainwater taken up by plants

Ch 9 - Which one of the following accounted for the greatest amount of U.S economic contributions to developing countries in 2010-2011? a) Religious organizations b) Official Development Assistance (ODA) c) Foundations d) Remittances

d) Remittances

Ch 10 - Which one of the following statements is not true? a) Globally about 15-20% of all electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams b) Globally about 2 billion people do not have access to adequate sanitation services c) Roughly 800 million people do not have access to safe drinking water d) Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases

d) Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases

Ch 11 - Which one of the following can result from irrigating crops in dryland areas with insufficient water to leach salts down through the soil? a) Nutrient mining b) Acidification c) Leaching d) Salinization

d) Salinization

Ch 11 - Which one of the following terms is used to characterize the arrangement of soil particles in clumps and aggregates? a) Texture b) Composition c) Anisotropy d) Structure

d) Structure

Ch 11 - The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called a) Osmosis b) Diffusion c) Aeration d) Transpiration

d) Transpiration

Ch 8 - Which one of the following countries currently has the highest fertility rate? a) Japan b) Italy c) China d) United States

d) United States