chapter ten

C) attachment.

A strong and enduring emotional bond is indicative of: A) intimacy. B) insecurity. C) attachment. D) trust

A) indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver.

An anxious-avoidant attachment is characterized by: A) indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. B) trust on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. C) excessive neediness on the part of the infant toward the caregiver. D) anger on the part of the infant toward the caregiver.

A) sexuality

As a result of the emergence of _____, a change in the preferred "target" of the adolescent's need for intimacy takes place. A) sexuality B) cognitive advances C) impulse control D) a peer group

B) more likely to end their disagreements by negotiation.

As individuals move from childhood to adolescence, and from adolescence into young adulthood, they become: A) less likely to end their disagreements by disengagement. B) more likely to end their disagreements by negotiation. C) more likely to end their disagreements by coercion. D) more likely to end their disagreements by overpowering the other.

B) sexual involvement.

By definition, intimate relationships involve all of the following except: A) emotional attachment. B) sexual involvement. C) common interests. D) self-disclosure

D) All of the above are true

Compared to dating violence, parents are more likely to talk to their adolescent about: A) drugs and alcohol. B) family finances. C) the economy. D) All of the above are true

D) Dating violence occurs in all of these groups

Dating violence has only been reported among: A) ethnic minority adolescents. B) heterosexual couples. C) female adolescents. D) Dating violence occurs in all of these groups.

A) Although there may be substantial sex differences in friendship quality at age 13, these differences are gone by age 18.

How do sex differences in friendship quality differ between 13- and 18-year-olds? A) Although there may be substantial sex differences in friendship quality at age 13, these differences are gone by age 18. B) Although there may be very few sex differences in friendship quality at age 13, there are substantial differences by age 18. C) Although boys may report higher quality in same-sex friendships at age 13, girls report higher friendship quality at age 18. D) Although boys may report slightly higher friendship quality at age 13, there are virtually no differences in same-sex friendship quality by the age of 18.

C) anxious attachment

Infants with which type of attachment are thought by some to be more likely to develop psychological and social problems during childhood and adolescence, including poor peer relationships? A) secure attachment B) mixed-style attachment C) anxious attachment D) disorganized attachment

B) experience a slight decrease until mid-adolescence and then increases as young people move toward young adulthood.

Intimacy between parents and adolescents tends to: A) increase throughout the course of adolescence. B) experience a slight decrease until mid-adolescence and then increases as young people move toward young adulthood. C) decrease throughout the course of adolescence. D) increase until mid-adolescence and then decrease.

A) romantic partners

Negotiation is most common in the context of which type of relationship? A) romantic partners B) close friends C) friends D) acquaintances

C) are more likely to understand how their friends feel.

Over the course of adolescence, individuals: A) show less empathy. B) show less social understanding. C) are more likely to understand how their friends feel. D) become less interpersonally sensitive.

D) All of the above.

Pseudomaturity is associated with: A) early puberty. B) a range of psychological problems. C) poor parenting/family instability. D) All of the above.

A) peers and parents

Studies of adolescents changing schools have found that support from ________ is most predictive of low psychological distress. A) peers and parents B) parents C) peers D) school counselors

A) learning about oneself.

The infatuation phase of dating is characterized by: A) learning about oneself. B) maintaining peer group status. C) establishing meaningful attachments. D) nurturing commitment and caring.

C) adolescents who are not exclusively heterosexual.

The term sexual-minority youth refers to: A) adolescents who are not yet sexually active. B) adolescents who are sexually active. C) adolescents who are not exclusively heterosexual. D) adolescents who belong to a minority group and are sexually active.

D) All of these statements are true.

Though sexuality is strongly influenced by biological development, dating begins earlier among adolescents who: A) are reared by single mothers. B) have older siblings. C) are not monitored closely by their parents. D) All of these statements are true.

D) Researchers draw on all of the perspectives mentioned above.

Today, the dominant psychological framework within which researchers study adolescent romance is: A) ecological perspectives on development. B) attachment theory. C) Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development. D) Researchers draw on all of the perspectives mentioned above.

D) internal working model

What is the implicit model of interpersonal relationships that an individual employs throughout life? A) co-rumination model B) platonic relationship model C) rejection sensitivity model D) internal working model

A) 40%

What percent of adolescents have experienced dating violence? A) 40% B) 60% C) 20% D) 30%

C) early adolescence

When does the need for intimacy with other-sex peers first emerge, in Sullivan's theoretical perspective? A) middle childhood B) preadolescence C) early adolescence D) late adolescence

A) private matters; perceived public disrespect

Whereas older adolescents' conflicts are typically over _____, younger adolescents' conflicts are often over _______. A) private matters; perceived public disrespect B) B perceived public disrespect; private matters C) day-to-day issues; rules of the game D) moral issues; rules of the game

B) Harry Stack Sullivan

Which developmental theorist postulated that throughout childhood and adolescence the human being strives to meet various interpersonal needs? A) Anna Freud B) Harry Stack Sullivan C) Erik Erikson D) Sigmund Freud

A) advances in social cognition

Which of the following are related to the development of intimacy during adolescence? A) advances in social cognition B) lower levels of empathy C) lower levels of self-disclosure D) decrease in responsiveness to others' needs

C) Boy's conflicts with their friends are typically resolved when one friend apologizes.

Which of the following descriptions about boy's friendships is inaccurate? A) Boys' friendships are more oriented toward shared activities. B) Boy's friendships are less oriented toward the explicit satisfaction of emotional needs. C) Boy's conflicts with their friends are typically resolved when one friend apologizes. D) Boy's conflicts are more likely than girls' conflicts to escalate into physical aggression.

A) the idea that interpersonal development is cumulative over time

Which of the following did both Sullivan and Erikson's theories have in common? A) the idea that interpersonal development is cumulative over time B) the idea of an internal working model C) the idea that the development of self-identity precedes the development of intimacy D) the idea that the development of intimacy precedes the development of self-identity

D) We cannot conclusively determine whether age-appropriate dating leads to better social development or whether more socially advanced adolescents are simply more likely to date.

Which of the following statements about age-appropriate dating and social development is true? A) Age-appropriate dating leads to better social development. B) More socially advanced adolescents are more likely to date. C) Less socially advanced adolescents are more likely to date. D) We cannot conclusively determine whether age-appropriate dating leads to better social development or whether more socially advanced adolescents are simply more likely to date.

A) A robust finding in the literature is that those who delay dating because they are shy, unattractive, or unpopular are the most at risk for developmental problems.

Which of the following statements about dating is not true? A) A robust finding in the literature is that those who delay dating because they are shy, unattractive, or unpopular are the most at risk for developmental problems. B) Adolescents who do not date at all show signs of retarded social development. C) Adolescents who do not date show feelings of insecurity. D) Adolescents who date have a stronger self-image.

B) Females have more intimate knowledge about their friends than males.

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in close relationships and intimacy is false? A) Females are more likely than males to report engaging in self-disclosure. B) Females have more intimate knowledge about their friends than males. C) Females are more empathic than males. D) The development of close relationships among males most likely starts at a later age than it does among females.

C) they are more popular than their dating peers

Which one of the following is not characteristic of adolescent girls who do not date at all? A) they show signs of social retardation B) they show excessive dependency on their parents C) they are more popular than their dating peers D) they are more insecure than their peers

C) attachment perspective

Which theoretical perspective looks at individuals' internal working models about human relationships? A) psychosocial perspective B) interpersonal perspective C) attachment perspective D) psychoanalytic perspective

C) anxious-resistant attachment

Which type of attachment is characterized by ambivalence? A) secure attachment B) anxious-avoidant attachment C) anxious-resistant attachment D) disorganized attachment

A) Infant attachment style is likely linked to adult romantic relationship quality because of the effects that early attachment styles have on social development in childhood and adulthood.

Why (or how) is the quality of an infant's attachment style related to the quality of an individual's romantic relationships in adulthood? A) Infant attachment style is likely linked to adult romantic relationship quality because of the effects that early attachment styles have on social development in childhood and adulthood. B) Infant attachment style is likely associated with adult romantic relationship quality because of a spurious relationship. C) Infant attachment style is likely linked to adult romantic relationship quality because of the fact that an individual's biology determines how he or she will interact with other people. D) None of these statements are true. There are no consistently found relations between infant attachment style and romantic relationship quality in adulthood.

D) Other-sex friendships do not replace existing same-sex friendships; they are added to existing same-sex friendships.

With the onset of other-sex intimacy in adolescence, what typically happens to same-sex friendships? A) Same-sex friendships decline in number and are replaced by other-sex friendships. B) Same-sex friendships increase in number and replace other-sex friendships. C) The number of both same-sex and other-sex friendships declines during adolescence. D) Other-sex friendships do not replace existing same-sex friendships; they are added to existing same-sex friendships.

D) shared activity

Young children's conceptions of friendship are more focused on ____ than the conceptions of friendship of older children and adolescents. A) shared values B) loyalty C) trust D) shared activity

A) security or anxiety.

According to Sullivan's theory of interpersonal development, different interpersonal needs surface that lead either to: A) security or anxiety. B) industry or inferiority. C) trust or mistrust. D) intimacy or isolation.

D) to stay in touch with existing friends

According to research presented in the textbook, what is the number-one reason that adolescents use social networking sites? A) to voice their opinion on various political and moral issues B) to explore interests (music, TV shows) C) to meet new people D) to stay in touch with existing friends

D) one friend apologizes.

According to the textbook, adolescent conflicts among girls are typically resolved when: A) moms get involved. B) teachers get involved. C) both parties just "let it go." D) one friend apologizes.

C) they are more attractive

Adolescent girls who begin dating seriously at an earlier age than their peers have been found to be characterized by each of the following except ________ than their peers. A) they are less socially mature B) they are less imaginative C) they are more attractive D) they are more superficial