chapter4

Ascribed status

A social position a person receives at birth or takes involuntarily later in life

achieved status

A social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort

role strain

Difficulties that arise when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations

agents of socialization

Mass Media is the means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience

George Herbert Mead's three stages development for the self fill in blank

Preparatory Stage: Under age of three, don't fully understand the meaning of their behavior Mostly imitating or mimicking, difficulty distinguishing themselves from others. Play Stage: Taking on roles of the particulate or significant other, socialization for future roles in society Pretending to be a doctor, soldier, mother, teacher, etc... Game Stage: Taking into account the roles of the generalized other, see themselves in the eyes of others

psychoanalysis

a method of analysis based on the exploration of unconscious mental processes as manifested in dreams

the nature debate

behavior trait can be explained by genetics( sociobiologists ,nature science and some psychologist)

master status

carry with them expectations that may blind people to other facets of our personality.

Chicago school of sociology

gives us an understanding of how others see us and where we stand in particular relationships.

nurture debate

human behavior is learn and shape through social interaction( sociologist, social science )

the socialization process

lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential.

Sigmund Freud

proposed that between infancy and adulthood, we passed through four distinct psychosexual stages of development

interactionist Theory

sees individuals as interpreting social life through symbols that we learn from the groups to which we belong

roles

set of behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status position

Charles Horton cooley's glass Mirror

states each individual senses the opinions of others from their reaction to him or her.

emotion work

the self-generation of prescribed emotions to meet the demand of a job, particularly prevalent in service jobs.

Erving Goffman's Dramaturgical analysis

the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance.

role conflict

when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person