Chapters 1-3
Which of the following blood pressure readings is in the "normal" range?
118/76
What is the most common hyperkinetic condition?
overuse injury
The Healthy People Initiative goals
provide focus for public health programs.
What lies at the center of the modern model of optimal health?
wellness
Learning more about nutrition by taking a nutrition class would be an example of the self-management skill of
building knowledge and changing beliefs.
The primary intent of the Healthy People Initiative is to
improve the nation's health.
Inflammatory markers in the blood
indicate processes that may lead to plaque formation.
Bone integrity
is important to optimal health.
Which three of the following cause the majority of back problems?
low endurance levels inadequate muscle strength poor flexibility
Which of the following best describes the overall purpose of the Healthy People objectives?
national change
An objective disability,
need not limit health, wellness, and fitness.
Health-related quality of life describes a type of well-being associated with
social functioning. mental wellness. physical functioning.
With regard to factors that are important to the development of lifetime health, wellness, and fitness,
some factors are more in your control than others.
Which of the following describes an aspect of skill-related fitness?
the ability to stand stationary on one foot while doing a yoga pose
Which of the following are true of wellness?
A well person enjoys leisure time, is satisfied in work, and has a positive outlook. Many researchers believe self-perceptions are more important than actual circumstances. Optimal wellness requires positive feelings about each dimension of wellness.
Which of the following statements are true of the stages of changing to a healthy lifestyle?
At the maintenance stage, healthy behavior has been integrated into a person's life and is easier to maintain. Someone already practicing a healthy lifestyle does not go through the same thought process as someone just beginning. Relapse is possible but less likely once the maintenance stage has been reached.
What is a main reason that people fail to make lifestyle changes?
Changes are hard to make.
Which of the following statements are true concerning lifestyle changes?
Changes in lifestyle are frequently desired but seldom accomplished. Many people realize that proper nutrition is essential for good health but do not eat well. Adults have difficulty making desired lifestyle changes.
Which of the following are true statements about the overload principle?
Doing more than normal is necessary for benefits to occur from physical activity. The health benefits of metabolic fitness require less overload than health-related fitness improvement. A muscle must be stretched longer than normal to increase flexibility.
Individuals who participate in regular physical activity have higher ________ than inactive people.
HDL levels
Tumors are considered benign under which of the following conditions?
They are restricted to one area of the body. They grow within a protective membrane.
Physical activity helps to prevent which two factors that make people susceptible to having a stroke?
atherosclerosis high blood pressure
Kai wants to run a 5k but has bad memories of high school cross-country. Instead of focusing on the negative memories, he is focusing on how fit he was when he ran and the fun he had running races. This is an example of
balancing attitudes
Which of the following are self-management skills that can be used to change predisposing factors?
balancing attitudes changing beliefs overcoming barriers
Which of the following are ways in which people can take greater control over determinants of health, wellness, and fitness?
by avoiding behaviors that may worsen an inherited condition by researching the health care system to find health options in unhealthy environments by learning how to adapt to disabilities
Which of the following is key to optimal health and wellness?
learning to accommodate your weaknesses
The body's ability to function efficiently and effectively is known as
physical fitness.
Exercises that increase ________ are especially good at building strong bones.
power
According to the stages of change model, people who are completely sedentary are most likely in the
precontemplation stage.
When performing a pre-participation screening, exercise professionals consider
presence of signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease. a person's current level of activity. a person's desired level of activity.
Which of the following are self-management skills that are related to reinforcing factors?
preventing relapse using social support
Regular physical activity can help prevent atherosclerosis by
reducing blood lipid levels
Optimal physical fitness requires
regular physical activity.
Once the maintenance stage is reached,
relapse is less likely to occur
Managing time and seeking social support are examples of
self-management skills
The feelings that people have about each dimension of wellness are referred to as
self-perceptions.
The objectives of the Healthy People Initiative
serve as goals to guide public health policies and programming.
Gary set a goal to work out three times a week for the next month. This is best characterized as a(n) ________ goal.
short-term
Henry had his blood pressure tested, and he was told that his systolic blood pressure is 130 mm Hg and his diastolic blood pressure is 85 mm Hg. Based on these readings, Henry's blood pressure would be classified as
stage 1 hypertension
A model, applied to many lifestyles, that identifies five distinct phases of change is known as the
stages of change model.
Regular physical activity can improve coronary circulation, which may protect against a heart attack by
supplying the heart muscle with more blood.
Which of the following are components of the innate immune system?
the skin mucous membranes body temperature
According to the Transtheoretical Model, behavior is influenced in different ways depending upon
the stage a person has reached
The dimensions of health and wellness are depicted as
threads woven together to create a larger, integrated fabric.
Which of the following are reasons that companies often promote workplace health through on-site facilities or subsidized gym memberships?
to reduce absenteeism to control health care costs to increase employee productivity
Why did the ACSM recently revise the pre-participation screening recommendations?
to remove unnecessary barriers to physical activity
Which of the following describes a type of blood fat that is associated with an increased risk for heart disease?
triglycerides
Malignant tumors form in the body as a result of
uncontrolled cell growth
Which of the following is a positive component of optimal health?
wellness
Establishing and focusing on what you want to achieve in the future is an example of
goal-setting skills
Which of the following nourishes the heart through coronary circulation?
small arteries
Layla feels lonely. What dimension of wellness should she work on?
social
More than half of early deaths are the result of
Chronic disease
Which of the following are true regarding health and wellness?
Comparing your abilities with the specific abilities of others can lead to feelings of inadequacy. Health and wellness are influenced by a person's individual characteristics. Each individual has specific strengths and weaknesses.
To effectively use self-assessments, which of the following are guidelines you should follow?
Follow the same procedures every time you self-assess. Be honest with yourself and provide meaningful answers. Practice your self-assessment skills.
Which of the following statements are true of functional fitness?
Functional fitness is needed to perform daily tasks without fatigue. Functional fitness training is especially important for older adults. Functional fitness includes meeting the needs of emergency situations.
Which of the following are true about modern conceptions of health and wellness?
Health and wellness are multidimensional. Health and wellness are personal.
Which of the following reflects the least control over a determinant of health, wellness, or fitness?
Holly just found out that she has inherited the BRCA2 breast cancer gene.
Which of the following statements about bone integrity are true?
It is not a part of traditional definitions of physical fitness. It is important for optimal health. It is associated with physical activity and a sound diet.
Which of the following is true of good physical fitness?
It is not the same as physical health and wellness.
Which of the following statements about cancer is true?
It is the second leading cause of death in the US
Which of the following best exemplifies the idea that you have some control over the environment in which you live?
Jenna moved to a walkable neighborhood so she could do her errands on foot.
Which of the following statements are true of lifestyle change?
Lifestyle change is the best way to prevent illness and early death in modern society. Physical fitness is important to health and wellness, and vice versa. More than one-half of early deaths are caused by unhealthy lifestyles.
Which of the following statements are true concerning unhealthy lifestyles?
Lifestyles that have been practiced for years are not easy to change. Lifestyle change is the key to reducing the effects of years of unhealthy habits. Learning self-management skills helps people make permanent lifestyle changes.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) transports cholesterol to which internal organ for elimination from the body?
Liver
Which of the following statements about bone density are accurate?
Loss of calcium causes bones to become more porous. Physical activity makes people more resistant to osteoporosis. Active people have a higher peak bone mass.
Which of the following statements about disabilities are correct?
Most everyone has some form of limitation. A person with a disability may find it difficult to function in some circumstances.
Which of the following statements are true concerning the role of the environment on health, wellness, and fitness?
People cannot control all aspects of their environments. People can partially control environmental determinants by choosing the type of place where they work. Environmental determinants account for about one-fourth of all early deaths.
According to the principle of progression, which of the following statements are true?
Progressing in major bursts can cause excess soreness or injury. Training is most effective when sessions become progressively more challenging over time. It is not necessary to feel soreness after exercise in order to improve.
Which of the following statements are true of holistic health and wellness?
Questionable health practices are sometimes promoted under the guise of holistic health. Products making claims of wellness or holistic health should be investigated for legitimacy.
Which of the following statements demonstrate differences between general goals and SMART goals?
SMART goals are more timely than general goals. SMART goals can more easily be assessed and reassessed. General goals are broad statements that are less specific than SMART goals.
Which of the following are true statements about the concept of health?
Sense of well-being is an important part of health.
Which of the following trends in the actual causes of death are correct?
Tobacco use has dropped from the number one cause of death to the number two cause of death. Inactivity and poor nutrition combined are the leading actual cause of death. Dietary causes have become worse.
Which of the following are true about the actual causes of death in the United States?
Unhealthy lifestyles cause chronic diseases and are thus the actual causes of death. Factors related to health care cause about 5% of premature deaths. Destructive habits, such as alcohol misuse and tobacco use, account for 20% of premature deaths.
Veins carry blood
containing lesser oxygen to the right side of the heart
Human biology is responsible for what percentage of all health problems, including early death?
about 16%
Which of the following best characterizes HDL?
good cholesterol
In the HELP philosophy, which of the following statements about the acronym "HELP" are correct?
"L" stands for "lifetime." "E" stands for "everyone."
Which of the following statements are true of debilitating conditions?
A positive outlook can increase the healthspan of a person with a debilitating condition. Debilitating conditions need not limit wellness. Debilitating conditions can lead to an increased risk of poor health.
What inflammatory marker is recommended for use in screening for atherosclerosis?
CRP
To aid in the prevention of osteoporosis, your diet should include consumption of sufficient amounts of
Calcium Vitamin D
Which of the following statements is true of physical fitness?
Fitness can promote good health but it can't ensure it.
Which of the following are true regarding readiness for physical activity?
Guidelines exist to minimize risk and maximize participation. There is no way to be absolutely sure of medical readiness.
Which of the following describes physical fitness?
It is a multidimensional state of being.
Which of the following is true concerning lifespan and healthspan?
Lifespan is how long a person lives, whereas healthspan is the number of healthy years in a person's life.
Which of the following are examples of the principle of specificity?
People must train the specific muscle groups they seek to improve. Overload is specific to each body part. People who exercise their legs build fitness of the legs.
Which of the following are true of causes of early death in the United States?
Scientific advances have drastically reduced the incidence of infectious diseases over the last 100 years. Four of the top seven causes of death are related to lifestyle. Chronic lifestyle-related conditions are now the leading cause of death.
Which of the following are true of blood lipids?
Some are manufactured by the body. Some are ingested in high-fat foods.
Which of the following statements are true of the stages of change model of lifestyle change?
The final stage is the maintenance stage. The model has five distinct stages. A person who makes even very small changes is in the action stage.
True or false: Each component of physical fitness is separate and different from the others.
True
What factor most leads unscrupulous marketers to peddle wellness products?
Well-being is subjective, so claims can be made without facts to back them up.
Self-assessment is used to
evaluate progress. identify needs. plan a program.
The ability to perform activities of daily life is known as
functional fitness.
Which of the following is an enabling factor?
goal setting time management self-planning
The wellness benefits of healthy lifestyles are referred to as
health-related quality of life.
Which of the following would be the most effective in moderating the effect of age on health, wellness, and fitness?
healthy lifestyle
The leading cause of death among adults in the United States is
heart disease
Health-related physical fitness
is directly related to good health. is related to reduced risk for hypokinetic disease.
The term holistic health
is sometimes used to promote questionable health practices and products.
Which of the following are considered to be "priority" healthy lifestyles?
managing stress engaging in regular physical activity eating well
Practicing one healthy lifestyle behavior
often leads to practicing another.
The use of self-management skills
promotes healthy lifestyles.
With regard to blood coagulants, regular physical activity
reduces fibrin levels in the blood.
Which of the following describes an effect of regular physical activity on the heart?
reduces the risk of sudden death from ventricular fibrillation strengthens the heart muscle, making it easier to weather an emotional storm helps the heart rate return to normal faster after emotional stress
The ability to collect and evaluate personal information that can help in the creation of a plan to improve health, wellness, and fitness is referred to as
self-assessment.
The confidence that a person has that he or she can perform a specific task is known as
self-efficacy.
When an individual experiences excessive stress, the ________ nervous system speeds up the heart rate. enteric
sympathetic
Key to learning and using self-management skills is
taking personal responsibility.
A key component of the Social-Ecological Model is the influence of ________ on a person's behavior.
the environment
Traditional medicine is often referred to as
the medical model.
In order to achieve the public health objectives of the Healthy People Initiative,
behaviors that increase the healthspan of individuals and society should be emphasized. individual personal health behaviors must change. society must be made aware of the nation's public health goals.
How can people limit the effects of heredity on their health?
by being aware of family history and managing factors over which they do have control
Which of the following are ways people can exert control over environmental determinants of health, wellness, and fitness?
by living in a structurally sound home in a low-crime neighborhood by seeking out environments where smoking is not allowed by choosing a work location free of chemical contaminants
The principle of explains that the rate and degree of improvement decrease as a person gets more fit.
diminished returns
Which of the following best describes an underlying cause of health disparities?
economic disadvantage
A hyperkinetic condition is the result of
excessive physical activity.
Which of the following combines with blood cells to form a blood clot?
fibrin
sticky, threadlike substance that, in combination with blood cells, forms a blood clot is known as
fibrin
Which of the following are blood coagulants that contribute to plaque buildup on artery walls?
fibrin platelets
External respiration requires which of the following?
fit lungs adequate hemoglobin
Enabling factors help you
follow through with the decision to make behavior change.
In referring to the FIT formula, the initials "FIT" refer to
frequency intensity time
n the United States, major causes of early death
have shifted from infectious diseases to chronic lifestyle-related conditions.
Body composition and flexibility are two of the six dimensions of
health-related physical fitness.
In terms of lifestyle behavior, enabling factors
help people carry out healthy lifestyle plans.
Which of the following carries oxygen through the bloodstream?
hemlogobin
The group of disorders known as diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by
high levels of blood sugar
The leading actual cause of death in the United States is
inactivity/poor nutrition.
A key to healthful behavior is
informed decision making
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by
insulin resistance
Decisions about shoes for exercise should be based on
intended use. comfort. foot characteristics.
Functional fitness
is the fitness required to do everyday tasks.
Lifespan is another term for
life expectancy.
Which substance in the bloodstream is a significant factor in the development of atherosclerosis?
low-density lipoprotein
For persons with Type II diabetes, regular exercise can do which of the following?
lower insulin resistance help the body clear sugar from the blood improve insulin sensitivity
Adherence to a lifestyle means ________ the lifestyle.
maintaining
Because they integrate elements from multiple theories, the Transtheoretical Model and the Social-Ecological Model are considered ________-theories.
meta
Disease is a ________ component of optimal health.
negative
Relapse is less likely to occur in which of the following situations?
once the maintenance stage of a healthy lifestyle has been reached
Which of the following are examples of health, wellness, and fitness determinants over which you have the most control?
personal actions and lifestyle
Healthspan is most related to which of the following?
quality of life
Older definitions of health did NOT take into consideration
quality of life.
The type of health care received by those who are sick most directly influences their
quality of life.
Which of the following circumstances can interfere with efficient heart function?
rapid heart rate at rest high blood pressure
Skill-related dimensions of physical fitness include which of the following?
reaction time agility balance
As it relates to physical activity, which of the following people is in the maintenance stage?
Joe has been going to the gym 4 times a week for 8 months.
Which scenario best describes the "P" in the HELP philosophy?
Kara and Jorge find success with separate, individualized workout routines.
Which of the following statements are true concerning the stages of the change model?
People may move back and forth through the stages throughout their lives depending upon their life circumstances. It can be applied to any behavior. People can move from one stage to another in an upward or downward direction.
Which of the following statements are true concerning factors that affect health behaviors?
Personal factors are important in the contemplation stage of behavior change. There are many ways people can take control of their health to offset factors they cannot control. Personal factors are often out of a person's control.
Which of the following is a reason that regular physical activity is associated with better and more restful sleep?
Reduced brain activation
According to the Healthy People Initiative goals, which of the following are true?
Some objectives will not apply to some people. Increased societal awareness of the Healthy People objectives may lead to changes in the health of the country. Societal changes can occur only when individuals adjust personal behaviors.
The Healthy People goals assert that health disparities
are closely linked with environmental disadvantage. can be reduced by addressing their underlying causes. are linked with economic disadvantage.
Which of the following statements are true concerning access to the health care system in the United States?
Ten percent of unnecessary deaths are due to disparities in health care. People who do not have health insurance seek health care less often than people who are insured. Men are less likely to seek medical advice than women.
Which of the following are benefits of a general aerobic and muscular endurance warm-up before working out?
a decrease in the risk of an irregular heartbeat an enhanced range of motion an increase in body temperature
When performing a pre-participation screening, exercise professionals consider
a person's desired level of activity. a person's current level of activity. presence of signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic, or renal disease.
Metabolic fitness refers to
a state associated with reduced risk of many chronic diseases.
Eliminating health disparities is related to which of the following?
achieving health equity
Enabling factors are most associated with which stage of behavior change?
action
external respiration requires which of the following?
adequate hemoglobin fit lungs
Which of the following are personal factors that affect health behaviors?
age, gender, education
Which of the following is the best advice for preventing relapse?
anticipate challenging situations
The Healthy People goals assert that health disparities
are closely linked with environmental disadvantage. are linked with economic disadvantage. can be reduced by addressing their underlying causes.
Self-management skills
can be improved with practice.
The HELP philosophy
can be used by anyone.
Physical fitness
can reduce the consequences of debilitating conditions. helps people perform daily tasks. can reduce the risk for chronic diseases, but it is not the only factor involved.
Internal respiration is most dependent upon an adequate amount of healthy
capillaries
The dimensions of health-related physical fitness include which of the following?
cardiorespiratory endurance power muscular endurance
Evidence indicates that physical activity reduces the risk of which of the following types of cancer?
colon prostate breast rectal
As it relates to medical care, you have
control over your adherence to medical advice.
