chapters 1-3

Molecules that are more polar tend to have which of the following characteristics?

A higher heat of vaporization A higher specific heat

Which of the following are structural formulas? H—H O=O O2 H2 H2O

H-H O=O

Select the reasons that the molecule formed by two hydrogen atoms (H2) is stable. It has no net charge. It is held together by a covalent bond. It has no unpaired electrons. The octet rule is not satisfied. It is held together by an ionic bond.

It has no net charge. It is held together by a covalent bond. It has no unpaired electrons.

What does it mean when we say water is adhesive?

It is attracted to other polar molecules and ions.

Which of the following is the definition of the heat of vaporization of water?

The amount of energy needed to change 1 g of water from a liquid to a gas

How are ions formed?

When atoms lose or gain electrons

ecosystem

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. an example of this is a mountain meadow interacting with soil, water, etc.

If two atoms are joined by a polar covalent bond, the shared electrons will tend to stay closer to the atom with _____.

higher electronegativity

the level of organization that is more complex than atom but less complex of an organelle is a(n)

molecule

An anion has a net ________ charge.

negative

a group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same geographic location is called a _____

population

A cation has a net ______ charge

positive

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to?

the atomic number

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

-1

An electrically neutral atom has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. This atom has ____ protons, ______ electrons, and _______ neutrons.

11, 12, 11

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of ______, an atomic mass of _____, and an overall charge of ______.

11, 23, 1.

An atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of ______, an atomic mass of ______, and an overall charge of ______. 23; 12; +1 11; 23; +1 11; 23; -1 11; 12; +1

11; 23; +1

If an atom has 6 electrons in its outermost layer, how many covalent bonds must it form in order to have a stable outer shell of electrons?

2

If an atom has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level, how many covalent bonds must it form in order to have a stable outer shell of electrons?

4

the atomic number of carbon thirteen is?

6

An electrically neutral atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

6 protons 8 neutrons 6 electrons

An electrically neutral atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14.How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?

6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons.

An atom has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. This atom has an atomic number of ______, an atomic mass of ______, and an overall charge of ______.

8, 17, 0.

An atom has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. What is the atomic number, mass, and overall charge?

8, 17, and 0.

proton

In the simple "Bohr model" of atoms shown here, the yellow spheres (identified by arrows) represent which of the following? proton electron orbital dalton

Water has several properties important to life: high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, lower density in solid form (ice), ability to act as a solvent and to organize nonpolar molecules. What explains these properties of water?

The polar nature of water molecules

A neutral atom has no net electrical charge. Why?

There are equal numbers of protons and electrons in the atom.

using specific conclusions to generate general conclusions is using _______

a bottom up approach

emergent property

a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the system's component parts

which of the following groups contain organisms that are multicellular? a. fungi b. bacteria c. animals d. plants

a, c, and d.

The attraction of water to other polar substances is called

adhesion

A chlorine atom that has gained an electron and has an overall negative charge is an example of a(n)

anion

Atoms with a net negative charge are known as _______,whereas atoms with a net positive charge are known as

anions, and cations.

What type of bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons?

covalent

True, discrete molecules form when atoms are connected by ______.

covalent bonds

which of the following is an example of an emergent property? a. the human heart is made up of cardiac muscle cells. b. the human heart has four chambers. c.the human heart contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood. d. the human heart pumps blood throughout the body.

d.

in order for the researcher to test the proposed mechanism of COX-2 inhibitors, the researcher will then use _______

deductive reasoning

Carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are ______.

different isotopes of the same element

a biological community of different species together with its physical habitat constitutes a(n) ______

ecosystem

Subatomic particles called ______ can be found at various distances from the nucleus

electron

subatomic particles called ______ can be found at various distances from the nucleus

electron

The affinity of an atom for an electron is also known as?

electronegativity

An atom is composed of a central nucleus which is surrounded by which orbiting particles? Protons Electrons Neutrons Ions

electrons

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means is called a(n) _______ proton neutron element mass

element

in order to maintain an organized body structure, all organisms need an input of _______?

energy

in order to carry out essential life functions such as growth, development, and movement, a duck must eat.

energy utilization.

in 1980, scientists determined that 2% of the honey bees in Texas had a gene that could make them more aggressive. By 2005, the frequency of this gene in the Texas honeybee population had increased to 15%

evolution

The amount of energy required to change 1 g of a substance from a liquid to a gas is called which of the following?

heat of vaporization

the body temperature of a dog is more stable than the environment.

homeostasis

What is the temperature of a substance a measure of?

how fast its molecules are moving

______ atoms usually have no neutrons

hydrogen

____________ atoms always have one proton

hydrogen

Which property of water strongly affects the overall shape of many biological molecules, such as protein, and DNA?

hydrophobic exclusion

From these observations, the researcher may use _____ to suggest that the blood clotting properties of COX-2 inhibitors lead to heart failure.

inductive reasoning

Unlike ___________ bonds, which produce a crystal lattice, __________ bonds are formed between 2 individual atoms, giving rise to true, discrete molecules

ionic, covalent

Atoms, in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons, are called

ions

When writing out structural formulas, covalent bonds are represented by solid _____ between atomic symbols.

lines, dashes.

A dalton is a unit of which of the following? Size Electronegativity Mass Weight Charge

mass

a ________ is made of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association. The atoms may or may not belong to the same element.

molecule

organelles are composed of?

molecules

based on hierarchical organization - put these structures in order from smallest to largest. skeletal muscle cells muscular system myosin protein skeletal muscle tissue biceps brachii muscle

myosin protein skeletal muscle cell skeletal muscle tissue biceps brachii muscle muscular system

within an atom, which have nearly equal masses, and which has a smaller mass?

nearly equal masses: protons and neutrons smaller mass: electrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of which of the following?

neutrons

isotopes differ in the number of ______ they contain.

neutrons.

What type of bond forms between 2 identical atoms?

nonpolar covalent

Where is most (almost all) of the mass of an atom located?

nucleus

Generally speaking, an atom is made of a central _______ which is surrounded by orbiting ________.

nucleus, electrons.

an atoms electrons are typically found in regions called _____.

orbitals

Within an atom, where are electrons found?

orbitals that surround the nucleus

A cat is composed of organ systems, which are composed of organs, which are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells.

ordered complexity.

your brain is an example of a(n) _____

organ

molecules may be assembled into a microscopic structure called a(n) ______ which carries out specific functions within a cell.

organelle

Atoms of the same element always have the same number of ______ in the nucleus, and this number is unique for that element. proton electron neutron

proton

Atoms of the same element always have the same number of _______ in the nucleus, and this number is unique for that element.

protons

The atomic number of an element refers to the number of ______ in the atoms of that element. orbitals neutrons protons electrons

protons

atomic number refers to the number of ______ in an atom.

protons

Which subatomic particles determine the atomic mass of an atom? Neutrons only Protons only Protons and neutrons Protons and electrons

protons and neutrons

which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of ______.

protons in the nucleus

which of the following are subatomic particles?

protons, neutrons, electrons

the roots of a plant grow towards a source of ground water.

sensitivity

what is the source of energy that mantains most biological systems on earth?

the sun

If two atoms belong to the same element, which of the following must be true? They must have the same number of electrons. They must have the same number of neutrons. They must have the same number of protons.

they must have the same number of protons.

the atomic mass of carbon thirteen is?

thirteen

and using general conclusions to generate specific predictions is a _____

top down approach

in a single covalent bond, __ total electrons are shared.

two

Electrons in outer, unfilled energy levels are known as _______ electrons.

valence

The number and configuration of electrons determines an element's ______.

chemical properties

Because polar water molecules attract each other, water is said to be

cohesive

If two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, you can conclude for sure that they ______. are the same isotope have the same atomic mass are atoms of the same element

answer: are atoms of the same element. wrong answers: are the same isotope Just because two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, does not mean they are the same isotope. They could have different numbers of neutrons, which would make them two different isotopes of the same element. have the same atomic mass Just because two atoms have the same number of protons in their nucleus, does not mean they have the same atomic mass. They could have different numbers of neutrons, which would make them have different atomic masses.

which subatomic particles are located in the in the nucleus of an atom? protons electrons ions neutrons

answer: protons and neutrons. electrons are found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus. ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons.

Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of ______. orbitals in the outermost shell neutrons in the nucleus protons in the nucleus electrons in all shells electrons in the outermost shell

answer: protons in the nucleus. wrong answers: neutrons in the nucleus Elements are identified based on the number of protons they contain. The number of neutrons is used to distinguish different isotopes of the same element from one another. lectrons in the outermost shell Although the number of electrons matches the number of protons in uncharged atoms, the number of electrons varies in ions. The identify of the element is based on the number of protons.

living organisms and non-living systems have numerous characteristics in common, but only organisms -

are composed of cells

which of the following statements is true? a. all living organisms move in response to changes in the environment. b. all living things perform chemical reactions that involve energy transformations. c. all living things require oxygen to power their metabolic needs. d. all living things are made up of one or more cells. e.all things remain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.

b, d, and e.

all of the organisms on Earth together with their physical environment comprise the ___.

biosphere

which of the following would be an example of descriptive biology? a. determining the fuction of a specific gene b. determining how the activity of genes is regulated c. sequencing the human genome d. altering a defective gene in order to prevent a genetic disorder.

c. descriptive science does not include the testing of hypothesis. scientist are trying to describe something as completely as they can.

which of the following basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

cell

Valence electrons and their interactions determine the _______ properties of an element.

chemical