Chapters 1-4 Geology

This figure shows ages of seafloor. Which of the numbered sites is on the oldest seafloor, based on its position?

1

Which locations contain rocks that are in place (part of the bedrock)?

1 and 2

This figure shows plate boundaries south of Alaska. Which location is on a transform boundary?

4

Which of the following is true about gravity?

All these are true about gravity.

Minerals have an ordered internal atomic arrangement. What does this mean?

Atoms in a mineral are arranged in an ordered geometric pattern.

On this map of the South Atlantic, which letter is on a transform fault?

B

On this map of South America, which features are NOT on a plate boundary?

C and D

Which of the following statements is true?

Earthquakes are more widespread than volcanoes or high mountains.

The closest object to Earth is (the)

Moon

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

None of these are quantitative.

What occurs at mid-ocean ridges?

Oceanic crust is created.

Why can't all geologic questions be answered by only collecting data in the field?

Some geologists study processes that occur in inaccessible places.

What was the main mystery described for the Mediterranean Sea?

The Mediterranean dried up and deposited layers of salt.

Streak of a mineral

The color of a mineral in powdered form

What is the difference between a geological mineral and a mineral that you might take as a health supplement?

The geological mineral most likely has multiple elements; the health mineral is a single element.

If a mineral lacks planes along which it may cleave, what will occur?

The mineral will fracture in an irregular pattern.

How do glaciers affect the landscape?

They transport and deposit sediment and erode the land they move over.

Which of these is an observation rather than a measurement?

This outcrop has both thin and thick layers.

Which of the following would be associated with a steep slope?

a cliff a mountain side a mountain side

Quantitative data may include

age of a rock. chemistry of water in a stream. specific temperature data. size measurements of sediments.

Uplift can occur during the rock cycle

at any point after burial

This very common carbonate mineral that is a clear to light-gray color is

calcite

What type of mineral is used to make bricks, cement, ceramics, tiles, and to act as a filler in paper, food, and paint?

clays

Clastic rocks are classified by...

composed of consolidated sediments formed by the accumulation of fragments derived from preexisting rocks

Some continents continue outward from the shoreline under shallow seawater, forming submerged benches called

continental shelves.

In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons?

covalent

As two oceanic plates diverge at mid-ocean ridges, melting of the rising mantle occurs due to

decompression.

If we interpret the large, angular rocks to have originated from the outcrop at the top of the hill, we are using __________ reasoning.

deductive

According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after

deposition and burial.

Continents differ in appearance from ocean basins because

each has its own geologic history.

This diagram shows magnetic stripes on either side of the mid-ocean ridge; dark stripes are normal polarity and white are reversed polarity. How many times did the magnetic field change polarity to form the stripes shown here?

five times

In a landscape that contains all of the following features, which area is the most likely for viable human settlement?

flat, low valleys with a water source

The most important agent for sculpting the landscape is

flowing water.

Rock that has formed from cooling magma or lava is

igneous rock.

The three elements most abundant in the entire Earth are

iron, oxygen, silicon.

The large copper deposits in the mountainous regions of western North America are associated with

magma intrusions

Heat, pressure, and deformation are processes that can create

metamorphic rocks.

On this map of the south Atlantic, what is the feature that makes a zigzag pattern on the seafloor?

mid-ocean ridge

In this part of the Periodic Table, what type of elements are in the group that includes elements He, Ne, and Ar?

noble gases

The actual age of a rock or event is its

numeric age.

Which of the following Earth layers is the thinnest?

oceanic crust

Which of the following minerals is typically green and has no cleavage?

olivine

What three kinds of particles are the main building blocks of an atom?

proton, neutron, electron

The difference between a rock and a mineral is that

rocks are composed of minerals.

What type of atom is represented by the small brown sphere in the center of this silica tetrahedron?

silicon

The common nonsilicate mineral groups include

sulfides, halides, sulfates, oxides, carbonates

What is the largest of Earth's concentric zones by volume?

the mantle

What is Geology?

the science of the earth

The oldest unit or feature in this photograph is

the tilted rocks at the bottom.

The main reason why the hypothesis of continental drift was not widely accepted was

there was no mechanism to move continents through the oceanic crust.

What type of map depicts the shape of the land surface by showing the elevation of the land surface with a series of lines called contours?

topographic map

The Tibetan and Himalaya Plateaus are the result of

two continental plates colliding and forming mountain ranges.