chapters 10-13

Listen to this audio clip. What composition is this?

Haydn, String Quartet, op. 33, no. 3, fourth movement

Early Beethoven works reflected the sounds of which composer?

Mozart

How long did Haydn spend in the employ of the Esterházy family?

Thirty years

What is the proper instrumentation of the classical string quartet?

Two violins, one viola, and one cello

Select all that apply Which statements describe the orchestra of the classical period?

The clarinet began to be used. It used string, wind, brass, and percussion instruments.

Select all that apply Which statements describe the sonata genre in the classical period?

The classical sonata is a type of instrumental composition. The classical sonata consists of three or four movements.

What are the three instruments used in the concertino for Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5?

Violin, flute, and harpsichord

The recapitulation section often ends with a concluding section, called a ______.

coda

Music in the development section often features the frequent changing of tonal centers, or ______.

modulation

How many pianos are there in a piano trio?

one

Which is the correct sequence of tempos in the three-movement sonata plan?

fast, slow, fast

Select all that apply What are the reasons that chamber music does not need a conductor?

Chamber ensemble members sit or stand so close together that subtle nonverbal cues are sufficient to indicate when to begin or end a sound. Chamber ensembles are so small that everyone can see and hear each other very well.

Why couldn't the instrumentalists in a classical period orchestra just coordinate their efforts without a conductor?

Because of the orchestra's increased size, the former methods including eye contact and subtle head nods were no longer effective.

Select all that apply In what ways did Beethoven relate to the classical style?

Beethoven was a transitional composer between the classical and romantic styles. Beethoven wrote some of his early works in the classical style.

Which classical-era French person led the compilation of the first encyclopedia?

Denis Diderot

True or false: Classical-period composers expanded and modernized the concerto grosso, but rarely composed any solo concertos.

False

True or false: Mauro Giuliani's Grande Sonata no. 85 for Flute and Guitar cannot be played by any other instruments, because of the extremely narrow range of notes which he wrote for the flute part.

False

True or false: Mozart wrote primarily, and is known for, his instrumental works.

False

True or false: Slow movements are only included for contrast.

False

True or false: The string quartet was the most popular type of chamber ensemble in the classical period, but with the advent of larger orchestras in the nineteenth century, it fell into disfavor, disappearing completely by the twentieth century.

False

Which is the usual order of tempos in the movements of a four-movement sonata plan?

Fast, slow, moderate, fast

Which one of the following sequences correctly represents the typical sequence of events in the exposition of a classical-era sonata form?

First theme → bridge → second theme → closing section → repeat from the beginning

Which two figures were the most important French rococo composers?

Francois Couperin and Jean-Philippe Rameau

Who was Johann Joachim Quantz's patron, for whom he wrote approximately three hundred flute concertos?

Frederick the Great, King of Prussia

How did the French Revolution begin?

French citizens stormed into the Bastille in July of 1789.

Select all that apply Which are functions fulfilled by an orchestral conductor?

Cuing entrances of specific instruments Indicating the meter Indicating the tempo

Select all that apply Which descriptions are accurate concerning Haydn's life and career after 1789?

Haydn composed and conducted several symphonies in London. Haydn gave music composition lessons to Ludwig van Beethoven.

What was the reason that Haydn wrote Symphony no. 45 with the unusual ending that gradually eliminated the orchestra members until only two were left?

Haydn was trying to get his patron to release the musicians for the season, without actually making a direct request.

Select all that apply Which statements describe Haydn's opus 33?

Haydn's op. 33 consists of six string quartets. Its Quartet no. 3 contains several birdlike sounds, causing it to be called "The Bird" Quartet.

Select all that apply Which statements describe Haydn's early career?

Haydn, though working as a servant, had a good relationship with his patron. Haydn entered the service of the Esterházy family, for whom he worked for almost thirty years.

What happened during Mozart's final years?

His final Singspiel (opera with dialog), The Magic Flute (1791), included several references to Freemasonry.

Select all that apply Which statements describe classical chamber music?

It is intended for performance in a room (chamber) in a home or palace. It has one player to a part, with usually two to nine players. It is not performed with a conductor.

Select all that apply What are features of the minuet and trio form?

It was adapted into scherzo and trio form, especially in the works of Beethoven. It is a section presented in a ternary format.

How did Handel's Water Music composition get its name?

It was composed to entertain King George II and his court as they sailed on the Thames River.

Why was the style of art in the 18th century called classical?

It was inspired by the balanced forms of ancient Greek and Roman art.

How is the harpsichord different from a piano?

Its strings are plucked rather than being hit with hammers.

Select all that apply Which statements apply to the life and career of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

Mozart moved to Vienna as a young adult after a difficult tenure working for the Archbishop of Salzburg. Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, and lived from 1756 to 1791.

What is the original meaning of the word "sonata?"

Music to be played (from the Italian, "sonare," to sound)

Select all that apply What techniques could be considered embellishments?

Ornaments Trills Fast scale runs

Select all that apply In music, the term "classical" may refer to which of the following?

Serious or concert music of any era Music composed by Haydn and Mozart Music which has stood the test of time

Where did Vivaldi spend most of his life, working as a teacher, composer, and conductor?

at a school for orphaned girls

What aspects identify music from the classical period, in contrast to music from the baroque period?

Texture in classical music tends to be homophonic rather than polyphonic. Classical music discontinued the use of the basso continuo. Classical music features sections with clear divisions instead of continuous movement.

Which statement about the harpsichord is NOT true?

The dynamic level of the harpsichord can be changed by striking the keys with more or less force.

Select all that apply Which statements describe the German sensitive style?

The sensitive style took its inspiration from the balance and simplicity of ancient Greek architecture. The sensitive style favored simpler melodies than those of the French rococo.

Antonio Vivaldi was highly regarded in his lifetime as a composer of ______.

concertos

What is the form of the second movement of Haydn's Symphony no. 94 in G Major ("Surprise")?

Theme and variations

Select all that apply Which statements describe the theme and variations form?

Theme and variations may exist as one movement of a multi-movement composition, or as an independent composition. Theme and variations states a theme, then follows it with music that maintains some elements of the theme while changing others. Theme and variations is frequently found in the second movement of multi-movement compositions.

A concerto ______ contrasts between a full orchestra and a small group of solo instruments, while a ______ concerto only involves a single soloist playing with the orchestra.

grosso; solo

What happened to the aristocracy after the French Revolution?

many fled or were tried for treason

Select all that apply Who were the two composers most strongly associated with the classical style in the 18th century?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Franz Joseph Haydn

What is the English translation of the Latin word "opus"?

Work

Late baroque music was characterized by a ______ texture, whereas music of the classical era was more often ______ in texture. Multiple choice question.

polyphonic; homophonic

What is the largest instrument family in the typical classical orchestra of Haydn or Mozart?

strings

Which instrument group formed the foundation of the early orchestra?

strings

How many themes are typically introduced in the exposition of sonata form?

two

What are the recognized dates for music's classical period?

1750-1800

In what country was Haydn born?

Austria

Who leads in chamber music?

No one

Select all that apply What are features of the cadenza in the classical concerto?

A cadenza is usually launched from a sustained, accented orchestral chord, after which the orchestra stops. A cadenza usually occurs toward the end of fast movements, especially the first one. A cadenza is a virtuosic solo passage with an improvisatory character.

With what technique is a cadenza typically brought to an end?

A trill

How is rondo form best described?

A tuneful main theme that returns in alternation with other themes (as in the form ABACA)

Who was one of the leading composers in the German sensitive style?

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

For whom were Bach's Brandenburg Concertos dedicated?

Christian Ludwig

Select all that apply What are the two instrumental groups found in a concerto grosso?

Concertino Ripieno

Select all that apply What matters of musical interpretation are typically addressed in chamber music rehearsals?

Deciding on precise tempos Discussing breathing and phrasing Experimenting with subtle differences in dynamic levels

Listen to this audio clip. In what meter is this music?

Duple

Which is the proper order of the three primary sections in the sonata form?

Exposition, development, recapitulation

Select all that apply Which category totals are correct for Mozart's purely instrumental compositions?

Forty-one symphonies Over twenty-five piano concertos Seventeen piano sonatas

Select all that apply Which category totals are correct for Mozart's purely instrumental compositions?

Forty-one symphonies Seventeen piano sonatas Over twenty-five piano concertos

What were embellishments, as practiced during the baroque period?

Improvised decorations on the main written melody

Select all that apply Which statements describe the sonata form?

In sonata form, the contrasting melodic ideas are also referred to as themes. The first movement of multi-movement compositions is in sonata form a vast majority of the time. Sonata form may be quickly summarized as consisting of statement, manipulation, and restatement.

What opposing element in concertos reflected the baroque interest in contrast?

Loud and soft dynamics

In which of the following concepts did classical-era philosophers believe?

Mankind's ability to bring order to daily life Enlightenment and rational thought

Select all that apply Which statements apply to the performance of concertos in the second half of the eighteenth century?

Many times the composer was expected to be the soloist as well, especially in the first few performances. The audiences were generally very musical and understood the formal designs of the music they heard. Public concerts were held in spaces that seated no more than a few hundred people.

Early orchestras were used to accompany singers in what genres?

Oratorio Cantata Opera

Select all that apply In what genres did Haydn compose during his final years?

Oratorios Masses

Listen to this audio clip. In what ways does Haydn vary the thematic material in this music, from the second movement of his Symphony no. 94 in G Major ("Surprise")?

Presents it in a minor key Changes orchestration

Listen to this audio clip. What is the most likely tempo marking for this music?

Presto

Which section of sonata form often features a full coda?

Recapitulation

Select all that apply Which statements describe the rococo style?

Rococo style derived its name from a French word that means "shell" or "shell work." Rococo style retained many Baroque characteristics, including the basso continuo. Rococo style emphasized elaborate ornamentation and decoration.

Select all that apply Which are some purposes of slow movements in multi-movement compositions?

Slow movements provide opportunities for the performer to add creative embellishments. Slow movements can be beautifully expressive. Slow movements provide contrast to movements with faster tempos.

What is the major difference between soloists of the classical period, and contemporary soloist performing the same works?

Soloists of the classical era were expected to improvise.

In what form is the first movement of a typical classical concerto?

Sonata

Which is a likely order for the forms in a four-movement sonata plan?

Sonata form, theme and variations form, minuet and trio form, rondo form

Which is the most likely sequence of forms for the movements in a three-movement sonata plan?

Sonata form, theme and variations form, rondo form

What genre did Haydn particularly develop during his time with the Esterházy family?

String quartet

Handel's Water Music is what genre of composition?

Suite

What is the nickname given to Haydn's Symphony no. 45, in which he gradually wrote the various instruments out of the symphony, and had the players blow out their candles and leave, one or two at a time?

The Farewell

What aspect is integral to the recapitulation section in sonata form?

The bridge between the first and second themes does not modulate, and the second theme is in the tonic key.

Select all that apply Which elements of the sonata form are correct in a concerto?

The cadenza in a concerto sonata form is frequently played in the recapitulation. The standard sonata form repeats the exposition, but the concerto version writes the themes out once for the orchestra and once for the soloist.

Select all that apply Which are valid reasons for the popularity of the guitar in classical chamber music?

The guitar is a soft instrument, so it is better suited to performances in small spaces than in large spaces. The guitar produces an intimate sound which is particularly desirable for chamber music. The guitar is an instrument which can play both chords and melody, which makes it quite useful with small ensembles.

Why do chamber ensemble performers tune their instruments after they take the stage?

The heat of the stage lights may affect the pre-concert tuning.

Select all that apply What elements are found in the development section of sonata form?

The process of modulation The use of motives, which are based on the original themes

What is the unique feature that defines double-exposition sonata form?

The themes are written out two or more times.

Which statement best describes the movements of a baroque concerto grosso?

There are usually three movements (fast-slow-fast).

What is a characteristic feature of chamber music?

There is one player to each part

Where is the soloist located during a concerto performance?

To the left of the conductor, at the front of the orchestra

Listen to this audio clip. What instruments perform this music?

Two violins, one viola, and a cello

Select all that apply What instruments were favored as soloists in concertos of the classical period?

Violin Piano

What section of the sonata form typically features numerous and rapid modulations?

development