Chapters 7-9

What is considered to be a safe rate of maximum weight loss on a long term basis for most overweight people?

0.5-2 lbs/week

The formation of glycogen by the liver cell is an example of

Anabolism

What is the immediate fate of excess dietary protein in the body?

Deaminated

After the first dat or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body?

Glycogen

Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose?

Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain

During the first few days of a fast, what energy source provides about 90% of the glucose needed to fuel the body?

Protein

What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?

about 2/3

The known health risks for being underweight include all of the following except

diabetes

All of the following are sensible guidelines for diet plans except

eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food

Television watching contributes to obesity for all of the following reasons except

it replaces time that could be spent eating

What is the recommended rate of weight loss per week for a 250 pound obese individual?

1% of body weight

According to the body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight?

1/2

As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to assure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight?1200

1200

What is the range of body fat content for normal weight women?

20-30%

What is the range of body fat content for normal weight men?

22-30%

In a triglyceride that contains 54 carbon atoms, how many can become part of glucose?

3

For every decade beyond the age of 30, what is the percentage decrease in the need for kcalories?

5

Approximately what percentage of weight loss during starvation is lean body mass?

50

External cues that may cause an obese person to respond helplessly to food typically include all of the following except

outdoor exercises

The body's need for water increases on a diet high in

protein

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

ATP

In what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes?

Abdomen

Which of the following defines weight cycling?

A series of weight loss and regain episodes that affects body composition and metabolism

Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?

After an intense and vigorous workout, basal metabolism remains elevated for several hours.

If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's need for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose?

Amino Acids

Which of the following is not generated via TCA cycle or electron transport chain?

Ammonia

What is the major factor that determines metabolic rate?

Amount of lean body tissue

Among the following, which has the greatest power to suppress hunger?

Apples

Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?

Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat

What instrument is used to measure the energy content of foods?

Bomb calorimeter

Which of the following dietary nutrients would most rapidly reverse a state of ketosis in a starving person?

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is the most likely side effect of a high-protein, low carbohydrate diet?

Dehydration

What is the most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen?

Differences in the activity of lipoprotein lipase

In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, what is the fate of the amino group?

Excreted as urea

What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?

Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty

What is the chief factor that determines a person's risk for obesity?

Fat content of diet

When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which ones can lead to storage of fat?

Fat, carbohydrate, and protein

Which of the following compounds cannot be formed from fatty acids?

Glucose

Which of the following terms is not commonly used to describe the typical situation of an overweight individual who experiences repeated bouts of weight loss and regain, with the gain frequently to a greater body weight then before?

Ratchet effect

Which of the following is a characteristic of excess body fat that is distributed primarily around the abdomen?

It is associated with increased mortality for both sexes?

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of glycolysis?

It is irreversible

What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight loss drug?

Its inhibits pancreatic lipase

Which of the following is used to supply some of the fuel needed by the brain only after the body has been fasting for a while?

Ketones

Which of the following would not be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?

Large number of small meals

Which of the following can NOT be formed from pyruvate in human beings?

Linoleic acid

What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight?

Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass

Which of the following describes an association between body weight and mortality?

Obesity is the fourth leading cause of premature death

What organ is first to absorb the alcohol after taking a drink?

Stomach

What is considered to be the most important single contributor to the obesity problem in the United States?

Physical inactivity

What is the most satiating macronutrient?

Protein

Which of the following is not a known side effect of having insufficient fat stores?

elevated body temps

After consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as

appetite

Glycolysis is the conversion of

glucose to pyruvate

The series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pyruvate is known as

glycolysis

An index of a person's weight in relation to height is called

body mass index

Which of the following is not a possible fate of metabolized glucose?

Urea

Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expenditure?

Walking a mile uses about the same energy as running a mile

In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates?

Water and carbon dioxide

The feeling of satiety from weight loss diets is best promoted by diets rich in

complex carbohydrates

Which of the following is not a feature of the fatfold test?

it is usually self-administrated

When a person is performing intense physical exercise and begins to feel fatigue and a stinging or burning pain in the muscles, it is most likely due to the muscle's accumulation of

lactic acid

The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of

lactic acid and glucose

If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has

more muscle mass

The dieter's typical responses to high-protein diet include all of the following except

slow re-gain of the lost weight

Approximately what percentage of people who lose weight by dieting fail to maintain the weight loss?

95

Approximately what percentage of triglycerides cannot be converted to glucose?

95

Which of the following leads to the production of urea?

Oxidation of amino acids

What is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge-eating?

Purging is rarely practiced in binge-eating disorder

All of the following are general features of starvation in people except

decrease in body temperature