Chapters 9 & 10 Review

The Second Great Awakening was: A. A popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s. B. Emerson and Thoreau's vision. C. The rebirth of classical learning in the rising American university. D. The regaining of consciousness by Charles Grandison Finney after repose in a coma for nearly 20 years at Sleep Hollow, New York.

A. A popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

Of the following projects, New York City's commercial ascent was owed chiefly to: A. The Erie Canal. B. The National Road. C. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. D. The telegraph network.

A. The Erie Canal.

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children. A. True B. False

A. True

America's early factories drew largely upon the labor of women and children. A. True B. False

A. True

During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity and growing inequalities of wealth. A. True B. False

A. True

Expanding networks of toll roads, steamboats, canals and railroads were essential to the takeoff of the market revolution. A. True B. False

A. True

For the expanding middle class, it became a badge of respectability for wives to remain at home. A. True B. False

A. True

Free blacks were largely denied access to the material opportunities generated by the market revolution. A. True B. False

A. True

Henry David Thoreau held that view that people were being stifled by modern society, and trapped in boring, dead end jobs by their obssessive desire to earn money. A. True B. False

A. True

In Thoreau's view, the market revolution degraded both people's values and the natural environment. A. True B. False

A. True

In the 19th century, barred from schools and other facilities, free black Americans constructed their own institutional life, centered on churches, educational and mutual aid societies. A. True B. False

A. True

In the nineteenth century, a married woman could not legally sign independent contracts, she could not sue someone in court in her own name; not until after the Civil War could she, not her husband, control the wages she earned. A. True B. False

A. True

Industrialization, a key element in the dynamic and expansive growth of the market economy, was most notable in the northeastern United States. A. True B. False

A. True

Some women served as preachers in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. A. True B. False

A. True

The common nineteenth-century view was that men are naturally aggressive, rational and domineering, while women are naturally nurturing, selfless and ruled by emotions. A. True B. False

A. True

The market revolution in the nineteenth century United States produced dynamic and expansive growth in the nation's output and in trade, and a rising standard of living for millions of Americans. A. True B. False

A. True

The market revolution swept over the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century. A. True B. False

A. True

The rise of the corporation was crucial to the success of the market economy. A. True B. False

A. True

There was a rapid decline in the birth rate during the course of the nineteenth century, such that from an average of seven children per family, by 1900 women on average had four children. A. True B. False

A. True

With the market revolution, the artisanal workshop gave way to relentless pressure for greater output and lower wages. A. True B. False

A. True

Workingmen formed political parties in the late 1820s and among the goals of these ephemeral political parties were free public education, an end to imprisonment for debt, and a 10-hour work day. A. True B. False

A. True

The Second Great Awakening was: A. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s. B. Emerson and Thoreau's visions. C. the rebirth of classical learning in the rising American university. D. the regaining of consciousness by Charles Grandison Finney after repose in a coma for nearly 20 years at Sleepy Hollow, New York.

A. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

During the first half of the 1800s, the United States economy experienced explosive growth in output and trade, and a rise in the standard of living for millions of Americans. This dynamic and explosive growth was, in part a consequence of the rise of factories, a transportation revolution via canal and rail, a communications revolution spurred by invention of the telegraph increasing agricultural yields and the mechanization of farm equipment, a rising prosperity for financial institutions and larger cities. Historians call this new economy: A. the market revolution or market economy B.agarianization C. valorization D. the barter system

A. the market revolution or market economy

Which of the following questions was not a key focus on political controversy during the Jackson years? A.Should women have the right to vote? B.What should be the balance of power between state and national government? C.What should be the relationship between government and private economic interests? D.How should the federal government address the differing concerns of the manufacturing and agricultural sectors?

A.Should women have the right to vote?

Which of the following was a factor in the split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun? A.The Nullification Crisis B.Their belief in slavery C.Their regional upbringing D.Their different political parties

A.The Nullification Crisis

Which of the following was a factor in split between Andrew Jackson and John Calhoun? A.The Peggy Eaton situation B.Their belief in slavery C.Their regional upbringing D.Their different political parties

A.The Peggy Eaton situation

The "Era of Good Feelings" was so-called because: A.They were years of one-party government B.Federalists held a comfortable majority of Congress C.Politics were organized on competing sectional interests D.Whigs defeated Democrats in the midterm elections

A.They were years of one-party government

According to Martin Van Buren, political parties could serve to check the power of officeholders, counteract sectional divisions, and provide voters with genuine alternatives. A.True B.False

A.True

Although denied from ballet, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s. A.True B.False

A.True

America was a much less highly stratified society than Europe. A.True B.False

A.True

As a boy, Andrew Jackson had almost been killed when, during the War for Independence, a British officer struck him with his sword after the boy refused to polish the soldier's boots. A.True B.False

A.True

Between Democrats and Whigs, the Democrats found greater support among Catholic immigrants, subsistence farmers, and urban workers; the Whigs found greater support among wealthy landowners- well-connected businessmen, and Evangelical Protestants. A.True B.False

A.True

Culturally speaking, in the United States the right to vote is tantamount to being a citizen. A.True B.False

A.True

Martin Van Buren's presidency, to a large degree, was occupied in dealing with issues arising from the Panic of 1837. A.True B.False

A.True

Often, political cartoons criticizing Andrew Jackson illustrated him as king. A.True B.False

A.True

President Jackson's critics called him "King Andrew". A.True B.False

A.True

The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the Nullification Crisis. A.True B.False

A.True

The 1836 Specie Circular declared that the federal government would accept only specie (gold and silver) in payment for public land. A.True B.False

A.True

The Dorr War revolved around the issue of whether propertyless white men should have the right to vote. A. True B. False

A.True

The Panic of 1819 left many Americans uneasy about the market revolution. A.True B.False

A.True

The Second Bank of the United States held all the funds of the federal government. A.True B.False

A.True

The election of 1824 injured Henry Clay's political career. A.True B.False

A.True

The leading theorists of nullification and states' right by 1831 was the vice president of the United States. A.True B.False

A.True

The proper chronological order for presidents from 1877 forward is: Monroe, J.Q. Adams, Jackson, Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler. A.True B.False

A.True

Which of the following did Andrew Jackson believe was associated with the outcome of the election of 1812? A.The Monroe Doctrine B.A corrupt bargain C.The Louisiana Purchase D.The Peggy Eaton Affair

B. A corrupt bargain

For Ralph Waldo Emerson, freedom was: A. Justification by faith and grace alone. B. An open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves. C. Discovered through revelation experience. D. An unattainable illusion.

B. An open-ended process of self-realization by which individuals could remake themselves.

Which of the following was not an innate characteristic of women, according to the "cult of domesticity."? A. Submissiveness B. Analytical Insight C. Selflessness D. Innocence.

B. Analytical Insight

Which of the following was not a key difference between traditional artisan production and the new factory system? A. Unlike factory workers, artisans tended to produce goods in small workshops, often at home. B. Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers. C. Artisans typically set the pace of their own labor; factory workers did not. D. Artisans typically mastered a much wider range of skills than did factory workers.

B. Artisans generally labored under closer supervision than did factory workers.

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the United States economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and income rising. A. True B. False

B. False

As a consequence of the expansive growth in the United States economy associated with the market revolution, skilled free black workers found their status and incomes rising. A. True B. False

B. False

By the 1840s, most working people outside the South toiled in large factories. A. True B. False

B. False

Cotton gin was a beverage invented by Eli Whitney. A. True B. False

B. False

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African Americans. A. True B. False

B. False

Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin improved the lives of millions of African-Americans. A, True B. False

B. False

Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800. A. True B. False

B. False

In Commonwealth v. Hunt, Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decreed that there was nothing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike. A. True B. False

B. False

In the election of 1824, John Quincy Adams won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote. A. True B. False

B. False

Ralph Waldo Emerson was the author of Walden. A. True B. False

B. False

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entrepreneurial agenda of the market revolution. A. True B. False

B. False

The Supreme Court did little to promote the entreprenurial agenda of the market revolution? A. True B. False

B. False

The distribution of wealth was fairly even in the nineteenth century United States. A. True B. False

B. False

With the Second Great Awakening, American Christianity became more hierarchical and out of touch with the common folk. A. True B. False

B. False

In the period between 1820 and 1840, what two states combined saw the biggest spread (increase) in cotton cultivation? A. Alabama and North Carolina B. Louisiana and Mississippi C. Alabama and Florida D. Virginia and South Carolina

B. Louisiana and Mississippi

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? A.Election of Andrew Jackson; election of John Quincy Adams; election of William Henry Harrison; election of Martin Van Buren B.Announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations", veto of Second Bank recharter C.Second Seminole War; Trail of Tears; Indian Removal Act; Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia case D.Nullification Crisis; Monroe Doctrine; Dorr War; death of Second Bank

B.Announcement of American System program; Missouri controversy; "Tariff of Abominations", veto of Second Bank recharter

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that: A.Slavery should not be permitted in the American territories above latitude 36'30 B.European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas C.Congress is entitled to pass any law to promote the "general welfare," except where explicitly barred by the Constitution D.The United States needs a world-class national university

B.European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas

All of the states entered the Union after the original thirteen made property ownership a requirement of voting, at least for a time. A.True B.False

B.False

Andrew Jackson and his supporters publicly argued that the Presidential Election of 1824 had been determined in his favor by a "corrupt bargain" between some of the participants. A.True B.False

B.False

Andrew Jackson appealed to the changing voting pool because he represented those that came from generations of wealth and supported a strong federal government-controlled nation. A.True B.False

B.False

As working-class whites gained equal rights in the political arena, they grew increasingly critical of racial inequality. A.True B.False

B.False

Both John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson believed in states' rights to nullify federal law. A.True B.False

B.False

Despite the reputation for stubbornness, President Jackson proved timid and conciliatory during the Nullification Crisis and the Bank War. A.True B.False

B.False

During James Madison's presidential terms, two-party political competition completely vanished A.True B.False

B.False

President Andrew Jackson's inauguration was a quiet affair in which as small group of close-knit friends of the new president met at the White House for a solemn, elite dinner. A.True B.False

B.False

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was renounced by President Jackson. A.True B.False

B.False

The charter of the Bank for the United States was renewed in 1811. A.True B.False

B.False

The election of 1824 resulted in Andrew Jackson being elected president that year. A.True B.False

B.False

Which of the following was not a significant development during the decade following Jackson's presidency? A.A protracted depression followed on the heels of the Panic of 1837 B.President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks C.The Whig Party, having learned the campaign techniques pioneered by the Democrats, triumphed in the presidential election of 1840 D.President Tyler burned his bridges with the Whigs by vetoing American-System- style legislation

B.President Van Buren shifted vast amounts of federal funds to state banks

President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and a federal financing of road and canals that came to be known as: A.The Hamiltonian System B.The American System C.The Madisonian System D.The Union Systems of Manufactures

B.The American System

Giving a political office to someone based on party service is called: A.Paternalism B.The spoils system C.Nepotism D.The fair-and-square system

B.The spoils system

Which of the following destroyed Henry David Thoreau's commune with nature? A. A deer. B. An ant. C. A train. D. A factory.

C. A train

Democracy In America was written by: A. Andrew Jackson B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexis de Tocqueville D. Ralph Waldo Emerson

C. Alexis de Tocqueville

Which of the following was not a paradoxical feature of Andrew Jackson's public career? A. Although men of wealth, he was hailed as protector of the "common man" B.Although hailed as protector of the "common man," he opposed the extension of democratic rights to blacks and Indians C. Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States D. Although an avowed champion of states' rights and limited government, he fought tenaciously as president to affirm the Supremacy of national government

C. Although suspicious of creditors and paper money, he was a leading defender of the Bank of the United States

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution? A. the ongoing cycle of boom & bust B. the rising inequalities of wealth C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe D. the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor.

C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe

Which of the following was not a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution? A. The ongoing cycle of boom and bust. B. The rising inequalities of wealth. C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe. D. The increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor.

C. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe.

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves? A. McCormick reaper B. Steam Engine C. Cotton Gin D. A nitrogen-fixing process in which nitrogen could be mechanically made.

C. Cotton Gin

"Slave coffles....became a common sight." Define the word "coffles." A. A truffles derivative. B. A coffee-like drink. C. Groups chained to one another. D. House slaves who rarely ventured into the fields.

C. Groups chained to one another.

American industrialization first took off in: A. The deep south. B. The upper south. C. New England. D. The Great Lakes region.

C. New England.

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to: A. Canals B. Steel Plow C. Railroads D. Steamboat

C. Railroads

America's first successful factory was established in 1790 by: A. Eli Whitney at Charleston, South Carolina B. Robert Fulton at Albany, New York C. Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island D. Cyrus Hall McCormick at Chicago, Illinois

C. Samuel Slater at Pawtucket, Rhode Island

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States? A. Reduced it gradually. B. Caused a sharp collapse in United States manufacturers. C. Stimulated its growth. D. Reduced production in the North, but increased production in the South.

C. Stimulated its growth.

Andrew Jackson was the standard-bearer for which political party? A.Federalists B.Republicans C.Democrats D.Whigs

C.Democrats

The portion of President James Monroe's 1823 annual message to Congress that asserted that the United States would oppose further efforts at colonization by European powers in the Americans, that the United States would stay out of European wars, and that European powers were not to interfere with the newly independent Latin American states is called the: A. Doctrine of Imperialism B.Doctrine of Anti-Imperialism C.Monroe Doctrine D.Crittenden Compromise

C.Monroe Doctrine

What was Andrew Jackson's nickname? A.Old Fuss and Feathers B.The Little Magician C.Old Hickory D.The Sly Fox

C.Old Hickory

McCulloch v. Maryland ruled that: A.American Indians could not sue in federal courts B.States could nullify federal laws in conflict with local codes C.The Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal D.The United States Supreme Court was the entity able to rule on constitutionally

C.The Bank of the United States was constitutionally legal

Which of the following was not a key difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years? A.The Democrats voiced alarm over the gulf between the wealthy and the "producing classes", the Whigs were more accepting of class hierarchy B.The Whigs favored government actions to promote economic development; the Democrats did not C.The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it D.The Whigs favored public measures to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not

C.The Democrats were united in opposition to paper money; the Whigs were united in support of it

When Thomas Jefferson wrote, "This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror," he was referring to: A.The Federalists Party's duplicity at the Hartford Convention B.The Sedition Act of 1798 for which he had written the Kentucky resolution C.The westward expansion of slavery D.The events surrounding John Quincy Adams's election to the presidency by the House of Representatives

C.The westward expansion of slavery

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution? A. An insistence that America had a right---indeed a mission-- to spread its brand of freedom across the continent. B. A conviction that personal privacy and independent thought were essential ingredients of freedom. C. A faith that anyone could attain material success through diligence and intelligence. D. A belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

D. A belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

The court case in which it was held that workers' unions are not illegal was: A. Dartmouth College v. Woodward B. Gibbons v.Ogden C. Marbury v. Madison D. Commonwealth v. Hunt

D. Commonwealth v. Hunt

Which was not an aspect of women's changing role in the context of the expansive and dynamic growth of the market economy in nineteenth century America? A. Some women followed work as it moved from the household into factories. B. Many women embraced the view that a woman's role was to shape a nurturing and loving private home environment shielded from the competitive tensions of the market economy. C. A woman's role was often seen to be that of sustaining non-market values of love, friendship and mutuality, providing men shelter from the competitive marketplace. D. In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

D. In the new, competitive, capitalist marketplace, women were to grow increasingly into captains of industry, becoming leaders of some of the nation's most important industries.

Which was not an element of the Second Great Awakening? A. It democratized American Christianity. B. Methodist and Baptist churches underwent explosive growth in membership. C. It stressed the right of private judgement in spiritual matters and the possibility of salvation through faith and good works. D. It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

D. It emphasized predestination and the importance of each soul as being in the hands of an angry God.

By 1860, most states had eliminated ------------ from their voting requirements. A.Gender restrictions B.Age restrictions C.Race restrictions D.Property restrictions

D. Property restrictions

Which was not an innovation associated with the market revolution of the first half of the nineteenth century? A. Canals B. Railroads C. Steamboats D. Telephones

D. Telephones

"Manifest destiny" was: A. The name of the frigate invented by Robert Fulton that first sailed up the Hudson. B. The famous list of the cargo--the manifest--carried by HMS Destiny. C. A passenger list kept onboard a ship, a "manifest destiny." D. The belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

D. The belief that the United States had a God-given mission to expand westward.

Which was not a way women became increasingly active in the public sphere during the early nineteenth century? A. They published stories, poetry, essays, and guides to life B. They participated in religious movements C. They participated in reform movements D. They exercised the suffrage after 1807

D. They exercised the suffrage after 1807

What political party was organized to oppose President Jackson? A. Federalists B. Democrats C. Republicans D. Whigs

D. Whigs

Which of the following was not a significant trend in American thought during the market revolution? A. an insistence that America had a right----indeed a mission---to spread its brand of freedom across the continent. B. a conviction that personal privacy and independent thought were essential ingredients of freedom. C. a faith that anyone could attain material success through diligence and intelligence. D. a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

D. a belief that one's spiritual salvation was purely a matter of chance.

Which of the following was not a feature of westward expansion during the early to mid-1800s? A. westward expansion breathed fresh life into the system of southern slavery. B. economically, the northern frontier was far more diversified than the southern frontier. C. western farmers focused increasingly on producing grains and livestock for urban markets in the east. D. cities had no significant presence in the expanding west.

D. cities had no significant presence in the expanding west.

The "American system of manufactures." A. relied principally on slave labor in the factories; called "factors" these slave-run factories were essential to the rise of the industrial revolution. B. was notable for its highly crafted, custom made products of highest quality and durability. "they don't make it like they used to." and "proudly made in the USA." were associated with this high quality production process. C. employed large numbers of indentured servants to turn out products of exceptional craftsmanship. D. was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

D. was the mass production of interchangeable parts into rapidly built, standardized products.

Which was not an attribute of Alexis de Tocqueville's vision of democracy? A.Democracy was an essential attribute of American freedom and included, but was not limited to, the right to vote B.Democracy was more than a set of political institutions C.Democracy is a culture that encourages individual initiative, belief in equality, and an active public sphere populated by a variety of voluntary organizations D.All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote

D.All Americans over age 21 ought to, Tocqueville wrote, have the right to vote

A significant element of the American System was: A.A national bank B.Tariffs on imported manufactured goods C.Federally sponsored "internal improvements" D.All of the above

D.All of the above

How much of the adult white male population in the United States could vote by 1840? A.Approximately 20 percent B.Approximately 50 percent C.Approximately 70 percent D.Approximately 90 percent

D.Approximately 90 percent

Which of the following was not a trend in American democracy during the 1820s and 1830s? A.In state after state, wage-earning men were enfranchised B.For men, skin color replaced material status as the main determinant of who could vote and who could not C.A spirit of popular involvement in politics enlivened the public sphere D.Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined

D.Ironically, as the number of eligible voters rose, voter turnout in elections declined

Which is not an element of Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)? A."The power of tax involves the power to destroy", and states did not have authority to destroy an agency created by the federal government B.He interpreted the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution to mean that the Bank of the United States was a legitimate exercise of Congressional authority C.His decision directly contradicted the "strict constitution" view of the Constitution that held that Congress was restricted to the specific powers granted in that document D.Marshall found that contracts between state and private citizens should not be abridged

D.Marshall found that contracts between state and private citizens should not be abridged

Which was not part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? A.Missouri was admitted without having to agree to end slavery B.Maine, a free state (without slavery), was admitted into the Union C.Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36'30 D.The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five

D.The children of slaves already in Missouri were to be freed at age twenty-five

The Panic of 1819 was caused by: A.Disease that spread rapidly up the eastern seaboard that was ultimately responsible for mass panic in Philadelphia, New York, and Baltimore B.A sudden or deliberate attack by naval forces of the British Admiralty on the nation's capitol C. Chief Pontiac's attack on Detroit and surrounding areas D.The land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic

D.The land bubble burst and its ensuing economic panic

Which was not an aspect of the pageantry surrounding elections in nineteenth-century American democracy? A.Parades B.Bonfires C.Mass meetings D.The secret ballot

D.The secret ballot

Define "suffrage" as used in the sentence, "Suffrage was the 'the first mark of liberty, the only true badge of the freeman'". A.A liberty cap or liberty poll, usually erected in a public square or near government buildings, or worn prominently on the head of the free man B.To suffer, suffering, because without suffering there can be no personal growth C.Pain caused by torture D.The vote

D.The vote

Which was not an element in the 1841 Dorr War? A.It occurred in Rhode Island and was a struggle for universal manhood suffrage in the state B.Supporters of democratic reform organized a People's Convention, which drafted a new Constitution for the state of Rhode Island C.Thomas Dorr, a wealthy lawyer, was inaugurated as governor of the state of Rhode Island under the Constitution drawn by the People's Convention D.The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution

D.The war's bloodshed led to the deaths of more than 246 people, and to Dorr's execution