CHEM 111: CH 1 (Dr. Thomas)
what is the formula to convert fahrenheit to celsius?
C=(temp. F°-32°F) x 5°C/9°F
kelvin scale is defined by...
SI base unit of temperature absolute temperature scale the lowest temperature possible is 0K, this temperature is referred to as "absolute zero"
for a small to big conversion you...
divide
a(n) __________ is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process/means
element
substances can be further classified as either _______ or _______.
elements; compounds
mixtures can be either...
homogeneous or heterogeneous
how do you convert lead (Pb atomic #82) to gold (Au atomic #79)?
lose 3 protons
molecules
made up of atoms, even smaller pieces of matter
units of celsius and kelvin scales are equal in ________, so a degree celsius is equivalent to a kelvin
magnitude
what is the best conductor of electricity?
silver
pico
smaller; P; 1000,000,000,000
centi
smaller; c; 100
deci
smaller; d; "10"
milli
smaller; m; 1000
nano
smaller; n; 1000,000,000
micro
smaller; µ; 1000,000
mixtures can be what physical states?
solid, liquid, gas
what are the physical states?
solid, liquid, gas
every _____ __________ can be a...
solid, liquid, or gas
compound
substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
matter is either a _______ or a ________ __ ________.
substane; mixture of substances
example of homogeneous mixture
sugar dissolved in water
mass
the measure of the amount of matter in an object or sample
chemistry
the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
there are ___ temperature scales in chemistry
two
compound
two or more elements that are chemically combined
0K is referred to as...
"absolute zero"
How many elements are in "NaCl in H₂0"?
4 elements, compound
what is the formula to convert celsius to fahrenheit?
F=9°C/5°F x (temp. C°+32°F)
what is the formula to convert celsius to kelvin?
K=C°+273.15
what are the steps to the scientific method/process?
Step 1: Observation (can be stated as a law) Step 2: Form a hypothesis Step 3: Design an experiment (to test hypothesis) Step 4: Model/Theory (assumptions that explain data from experiment Step 5: Further Experiment (test predictions based on model)
electric current
ampere, A
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
giga
bigger; G; 1000,000,000
mega
bigger; M; 1000,000
tera
bigger; T; 1000,000,000,000
kilo
bigger; k; "1000"
luminous intensity
candela, cd
what are the two temperature scales in chemistry?
celsius scale and kelvin scale
mixture
combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
a(n) __________ is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any physical process/means
compound
most elements can combine with other elements to form ________.
compounds
solids and liquids are collectively referred to as
condensed phases
liquids and gases are collectively referred to as
fluids
substance
form of matter that has a specific composition and distinct properties
celsius scale is defined by...
freezing point (0°C) melting point (100°C) ^(of pure water at sea level)
heterogeneous mixture
have a variable composition; you can see the substances that make up the mixture
homogeneous mixture
have uniform composition throughout; you can't see the substances that make up the mixture
examples of elements
iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), and oxygen (O)
example of heterogeneous mixture
iron and sand mixture
temperature
kelvin, K
mass unit
kilogram, kg
classification of matter diagram
matter=mixtures, substance *mixtures can be separated by physical methods* mixtures=homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures substances=compounds, elements *compounds can be separated by chemical methods*
length
meter, m
amount of substance
mole, mol
for a big to small conversion you...
multiply
practice conversion of units and conversion of temperatures.
practice conversion of units and conversion of temperatures.
macroscopic level
processes and their results are visible to the human eye
physical states are physical _______.
properties (p=p)
examples of compounds
salt (NaCl), water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂)
time
second, s