CHEM 1110 - Chapter 2

Write the numerical value for each of the following prefixes: a) centi b) tera c) milli d) deci

a) 0.01 b) 10^12 c) 0.001 d) 0.1

How many significant figures are in each of the following? a. 11.005 g b. 0.0032 m c. 36,000,000 km d. 1.80 x 10^4 kg e. 0.8250 L f. 30.0' C

a. 5 b. 2 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4 f. 3

Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. a. 5 pizzas and 50.0 g of cheese b. 6 nickels and 16 g of nickel c. 3 onions and 3 lbs of onions d. 5 miles and 5 cars

a. 50 g b. 16 g c. 3 lbs d. 5 miles

Identify the measured number(s), if any, in each of the following pairs of numbers. a. 3 hamburgers and 6 oz of hamburger b. 1 table and 2 chairs c. 0.75 lb of grapes and 350 g of butter d. 60 s in 1 min.

a. 6 oz b. none c. 0.75 lb and 350 g d. none

Why do we usually need to round off calculations that use measured numbers?

A calculator often gives more digits than the number of significant figures allowed in the answer.

State the type of measurement in each of the following statements: a. I rode my bicycle 15 km today. b. My dog weighs 12 kg. c. It is hot today. It is 30 ' C. d. I added 2 L of water to my fish tank.

a. Length b. Mass c. Temperature d. Volume

Write the equality and conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: a) one yard is 3 feet b) one Kilogram is 2.20 pounds c) one minute 60 seconds d) a car goes 27 miles on 1 gallon of gas e) sterling silver is 93% silver by mass

a) 1 yd = 3ft; 3ft/1yd and 1yd/3ft; Both 1 yd and 3 ft are exact. b) 1 kg = 2.20lb; 2.20lbs/1kg and 1kg/2.20lbs; 2.20 lbs is measured and has 3SF's; The 1kg is Exact c) 1min = 60s; 60s/1min and 1min/60sec; Both are exact d) 1gal = 27mi; 1gal/27mi and 27mi/1gal; 27 is measures and has 2SF's and 1gal is Exact e) 93g of silver = 100g sterling ; 93g/100g and 100g/93g; 93g is measured and has 2SF's and 100g is exact

Solve each of the following problems: a) A urine sample has a density of 1.030g/mL. What is the specific gravity of the sample? b) A 20.0mL sample of a glucose IV solution that has a mass of 20.6g. What is the density of the glucose solution? c) The specific gravity of a vegetable oil is 0.85. What is its density? d) A 0.200mL sample of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has a mass of 0.230g. What is the density of the HDL?

a) 1.03 b) 1.03g/mL c) 0.85g/mL d) 1.15g/mL

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures: a) 45.7 x 0.034 b) 0.00278 x 5 c) 34.56 / 1.25 d) (0.2465)(25) / 1.78

a) 1.6 b) 0.01 c) 27.6 d) 3.5

Use metric conversion factors to solve each of the following problems: a) The height of a student is 175cm. How tall is the student in meters? b) A cooler has a volume of 5500mL. What is the capacity of the cooler in liters? c) A bee hummingbird hasa mass of 0.0018kg. What is the mass of the hummingbird in grams?

a) 1.75m b) 5.5L c) 1.8g

Round off each of the following measurements to three significant figures: a) 1.854 kg b) 88.2038 L c) 0.004738265 cm d) 8807 m e) 1.832 x 10^5 s

a) 1.85 kg b) 88.2 L c) 0.00474 cm d) 8810 m e) 1.83 x 10^5 s

Complete each of the following metric relationships: a) 1m = (?)cm b) 1m = (?)nm c) 1mm = (?)m d) 1L = (?)mL

a) 100cm b) 1 x 10^9 nm c) 0.001 m d) 1000 mL

Write an equality ad two conversion factors for each of the following medications in stock: a) 10mg of Atarax per 5mL of Atarax syrup b) 0.25g of Lanoxin per 1 tablet of Lanoxin c) 300mg of Motrin per 1 tablet of Motrin

a) 10mg of Antarax = 5mL of syrup; 10mg Antarax/5mL syrup and 5mL syrup/10mg Antarax b) 0.25g of Lanoxin = 1 tablet; 0.25g/1 tablet and 1 tablet/0.25g c) 300mg of Motrin = 1 tablet; 300mg/1 tablet and 1 tablet/300mg

Write the equality and conversion factors for each of the following pairs of units: a) centimeters and meters b) milligrams and grams c) liters and milliliters d) deciliters and millilters

a) 1m = 100cm; 100cm/1m and 1m/100cm b) 1g = 1000mg; 100mg/1g and 1g/100mg c) 1L = 1000mL; 1000mL/1L and 1L/1000mL d) 1dL = 100mL; 100mL/1dL and 1dL/100mL

Solve the following problems: a) What is the mass, in grams, of 150mL of a liquid with a density of 1.4g/mL? b) What is the mass of a glucose solution that fills a 0.500L intravenous bottle if the density of the glucose solution is 1.15g/mL? c) A sculptor has prepared a mold for casting a bronze figure. The figure has a volume of 225mL. If bronze has a density of 7.8g/mL, how many ounces of bronze are needed in the preparation of the bronze figure?

a) 210g b) 575g c) 62oz

Using table 2.8, calculate the number of grams that would provide the LD50 for a 175lb person for each of the following: a) table salt b) sodium cyanide c) aspirin

a) 260g b) 0.5g c) 88g

Write the equality and conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: a) a bee flies at an average speed of 3.5m per second b) the Daily Value (DV) for potassium is 4700mg c) and automobile traveled 46.0 km on 1 gallon of gas d) the pesticide level in plums was 29ppb

a) 3.5m = 1s; 3.5m/1s and 1s/3.5m; 3.5m is measured and has 2SF's; 1s is exact b) 4700mg potassium = 1 day; 4700mg/1 day and 1 day/4700mg; 4700mg is measured and has 2SF's; 1 day is exact c) 46.0km= 1gal gas; 46.0km/1gal and 1gal/46.0km; 46.0km is measured and has 2SF's; 1gal is exact d) 29 ppb of pesticide = 1 plum; 29ppb/1plum and 1plum/29ppb; 29ppb is measured and has 2SF's; 1 plum is exact

Identify the number of significant figures in each of the following: a) The mass of neonate is 1.607kg b) The daily value (DV) for iodine for an infant is 130 mcg. c) There are 4.02 x 10^6 red blood cells in a blood sample.

a) 4 b) 2 c) 3

What is the density (g/mL) of each of the following samples? a) A solid object with a mass of 1.65lb and a volume of 170mL. b) A gem has a mass of 4.50g. When the gem is placed in a graduated cylinder containing 20.00mL of water, the water level rises to 21.45 c) A lightweight head on the driver of a gold club is made of titanium. The volume of a sample of titanium is 114cm^3 and the mass is 514.1g.

a) 4.4g/mL b) 3.10g/mL c) 4.51g/mL

Solve each of the following problems using one or more conversion factors: a) A container holds 0.500qt of liquid. How many milliliters of lemonade will it hold? b) What is the mass, in kilograms, of a person who weighs 175lb? c) An athlete has 15% body fat by mass. What is the weight of fat, in pounds, of a 74kg athlete? d) A plant fertilizer contains 15% nitrogen (N) by mass. In a container of soluble plant food, there are 10.0oz of fertilizer. How many grams of nitrogen are in the container?

a) 473mL b) 79.5kg c) 24lb d) 43g

Round off to 3 significant figures and express in scientific notation. a) 5080 L b) 37400 g c) 104720 m d) 0.00025082s

a) 5.08 x 10^3 L b) 3.74 x 1064 g c) 1.05 x 10^5 m d) 2.51 x 10^-4 s

Perform each of the following calculations, and give an answer with the correct number of significant figures: a) 45.48 cm + 8.057 cm b) 23.45 g + 104.1 g + 0.025 g c) 145.675 mL - 24.2 mL d) 1.08 L - 0.585 L

a) 53.54 cm b) 127.6 g c) 121.5 mL d) 0.50 L

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: a) A nurse practitioner prepares 500mL of an IV of normal saline solution to be delivered at a rate of 80mL/h. What is the infusion time, in hours, to deliver 500mL? b) A nurse practitioner orders Medrol to be given 1.5mg/kg of body weight. Medrol is an anti-inflammatory administered as an intramuscular injection. If a child weighs 72.6lb and the available stock of Medrol is 20mg/mL, how many milliliters does the nurse administer to the child?

a) 6.3h b) 2.5mL

Write the equality and conversion factors, and identify the numbers as exact or give the number of significant figures for each of the following: a) a calcium supplement contains 630mg of calcium per tablet b) the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin c is 60mg c) the label on a bottle reads 50mg of atenolol per tablet. d) a low-dose aspirin contains 81mg of aspirin per tablet

a) 630mg of calcium = 1 tablet; 630mg/1 tablet and 1 tablet/630mg; 630mg is measured and has 2SF's; 1 tablet is exact b) 60mg of vitamin c = 1 DV; 60mg/1day and 1day/60mg; 60mg is measured and has 1 SF; 1 day is exact c) 50mg of atenolol = 1 tablet; 50mg/1 tablet and 1 tablet/50mg; 50mg is measured and has 1 SF; 1 tablet is exact d) 81mg of aspirin = 1 low-dose aspirin; 81mg/1 aspirin and 1 aspirin/81mg; 81mg is measured and has 2 SF's; 1 aspirin is exact

Using conversion factors, solve each of the following clinical problems: a) You have used 250L of distilled water for a dialysis patient. How many gallons of water is that? b) A patient needs 0.024g of sulfa drug. There are 8mg tablets in stock. How many tablets should be given? c) The daily dose of ampicillin for the treatment of an ear infection is 115mg/kg of body weight. What is the daily dose for a 3.4lb child? d) You need 4.0oz of a steroid ointment. If there are 16oz in 1lb, how many grams of ointments does the pharmacist need to prepare?

a) 66gal b) 3 tablets c) 1800mg d) 110g

Name the complete name for each of the following units: a) cL b) kg c) ms d) Gm

a) centiliter b) kilogram c) milliseconds d) gigameter

Use a prefix to write the name for each of the following: a) 0.1 g b) 10^-6 g c) 1000 g d) 0.01 g

a) decigram b) microgram c) kilogram d) centigram

For each of the following pairs, which is the largest unit? a) milligram or killogram b) millimeter or microliter c) m or km d) kL or dL e) nanometer or picometer

a) kilogram b) millimeter c) km d) kL e) nanometer

Write the abbreviation for each of the following units: a) milligram b) deciliter c) kilometer d) femtogram

a) mg b) dL c) km d) fg

How many significant figures are in each of the following? a. 20.60 mL b. 1036.48 kg c. 4.00 m d. 20.8' C e. 60,800,000 g f. 5.0 x 10^-3 L

a. 3 b. 6 c. 1 d. 3 e. 3 f. 2

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact: a. There are 31 Students in a laboratory. b. The oldest known flower lived 1.20 x 10^8 years ago. c. The largest gem ever found, an aquarimine, has a mass of 104 kg. d. A laboratory test shows a blood cholesterol level of 184 mg/dL.

a. Exact b. Measured c. Measured d. Measured

Identify the numbers in each of the following statements as measured or exact: a. A patient has a mass of 67.5 kg. b. A patient is given 2 tablets of medication. c. In the metric system, 1 L is equal to 1000 mL. d. The Distance from Denver, Colorado, to Houston, Texas, is 1,720 km.

a. Measured b. Exact c. Exact d. Measured

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: a. 0.0038 m b. 5.04 cm c. 800. L d. 3.0 x 10^-3 kg e. 85,000 g

a. No b. Yes c. Yes d. Yes e. No

State the type of measurement in each of the following statements: a. I put 12 L of gasoline in my gas tank. b. My friend is 170 cm tall. c. We are 385,000 km away from the Moon. d. The horse won the race by 1.2 s.

a. Volume b. Length c. Length d. Time

Indicate if the zeros are significant in each of the following measurements: a. 20.05' C b. 5.00 m c. 0.00002 g d. 120,000 yr e. 8.05 x 10^2 L

a. Yes b. No c. No d. No e. Yes

On a typical day, a nurse encounters several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following: a. During open heart surgery, the temperature of a patient is lowered to 29' C. b. The circulation time of a red blood cell through the body is 20 s. c. A patient with a persistent cough is given 10. mL of cough syrup. d. The amount of iron in the red blood cells of the body is 2.5 g.

a. celcius, temperature b. seconds, time c. milliliter, volume d. grams, mass

State the name of the unit and the type of measurement indicated for each of the following quantities: a. 0.8 L b. 3.6 cm c. 4 kg d. 3.5 h e. 373 K

a. liter, volume b. centimeter, length c. kilograms, mass d. hour, time e. kelvin, temperature

State the name of the unit and the type measurement indicated for each of the following quantities: a. 4.8 m b. 325 g c. 1.5 mL d. 4.8 x 10^2 s e. 28 ' C

a. meter, length b. gram, mass c. milliliter, volume d. second, time e. degree Celsius, temperature

On a typical day, a nurse encounters several situations involving measurement. State the name and type of measurement indicated by the units in each of the following: a. The prothrombin time (clotting time) for blood sample in 12 s. b. A premature baby weighs 2.0 kg. c. An antacid tablet contains 1.0 g of calcium carbonate. d. An infant has a temperature 39.2 ' C.

a. seconds, time b. kilograms, mass c. grams, mass d. celcius, temperature

In which of the following pairs do both numbers contain the same number of significant figures? a) 11.0m and 11.00m b) 0.0250m and 0.205m c) 0.00012s and 120000s d) 250.0L and 2.5 x 10^-2L

b and c