chem 1/18

Select all that apply Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct? Select all that apply.

CaO Na2S Ca3N2

Match each type of bond to the disposition of valence electrons between atoms. Instructions

Ionic- electrons have been transferred from one atom to another. Polar covalent-Electrons are being shared unequally between atoms. Pure covalent- Electrons are being shared equally between atoms.

Which of the following correctly describes the bond angle in a molecule of the general type ABx?

The angle between two adjacent A-B bonds

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name acids? Select all that apply.

The name of a binary acid contains the nonmetal root with the suffix -ic. Binary acids are named using the prefix hydro-.

Select all the lettered options that correspond to equatorial positions in the image shown.

b c d

The compound Cu2O is correctly named ______.

copper(I) oxide

Prior to the use of the Stock system for naming transition metal cations, the ion Cu2+ was commonly known as the ______ ion.

cupric

A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally is called a _____ covalent bond. The bonded atoms have partial negative and positive _____ due to unequal electron distribution.

polar, poles

Select all the statements that correctly describe the five basic electron-domain geometries.

A system with three electron domains will have a trigonal planar electron-domain arrangement. An octahedral geometry indicates that there are six electron domains.

When the elements Mg and Cl form an ionic bond, Mg loses _____ electron(s) from the 3s orbital to form the Mg2+ cation. Cl gains _____ electron(s) in the 3p orbital to form the Cl- anion. Since the total number of electrons lost always equals the total number of electrons gained, the compound formed will contain _____ Mg2+ ion(s) for every _____ Cl- ion(s). Fill in the blanks with the appropriate numbers.

2 ; 1 ; 1 ; 2

Most covalently bonded substances consist of individual separate molecules. Each individual molecule is held together by means of strong _____bonds between the atoms. In addition, there are weak forces of attraction between the individual molecules, called _____forces.

Covalent Intermolecular

In general, electronegativity ______ as atomic size increases because a shared electron pair is closer to the nucleus of a smaller atom, which therefore attracts these electrons ______ strongly. Thus, electronegativity tends to ______ from left to right across a period of the periodic table and tends to ______ down a group.

Decreases, More, Increases, Decreases.

Which structure shown is the correct Lewis structure for XeF4?

the one where Xe has 4 dots

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to determine whether a given molecule is polar or nonpolar? Select all that apply.

- for a molecule that has polar bonds, the geometry must be known in order to predict the overall polarity. - if a molecule contains no dipole moments across any bonds it will be non polar. - if the individual bond dipoles do not cancel, the molecule is polar.

Which image correctly represents the separation of charge between the atoms of an HBr molecule?

B aka the pic that looks like s+ s- H-----Br

Using the table of electronegativity values provided, select all the bonds from the following list that are polar covalent. (Use the electronegativity difference guidelines specified in this text.)

B-Cl H-O C-N

How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?

By adding the word ion to the name of the element

Which of the following options correctly describe the structure shown? Select all that apply.

C1 will have a tetrahedral geometry. The bond angles around C2 are approximately equal to 180°. C2 will have a linear geometry.

Which species has a net dipole moment (i.e., are polar overall)? Select all that apply.

CH2Cl2, NBr3

Which statement correctly describes the basic principle of VSEPR theory?

Each group of valence electrons around a central atom is located as far from the others as possible.

Select all that apply Select all the statements that correctly describe electronegativity.

Electronegativity is a relative quantity. Electronegativity measures the ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract the shared electron pair(s).

True or false: Any molecule in which all of the bonds are identical will be nonpolar.

Falss

Which of the following statements correctly defines formal charge?

Formal charge compares the electrons associated with an isolated atom to the electrons associated with the atom in a covalent species.

Select all the polyprotic acids.

H3PO4 H2SO4

Which of the following acids is named correctly as an acid?

HBr: hydrobromic acid

Select all the statements that correctly describe how to determine the molecular shape of a species using VSEPR.

If unshared electron pairs are present, the molecular geometry will differ from the electron-domain geometry. Use the molecular formula to draw the Lewis structure. The total number of shared and unshared electron pairs around the central atom gives the electron-domain geometry.

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly? Select all that apply.

Mg3(PO4)2 , CaCO3 , NaNO3

Match each oxoanion with its correct name.

NO3-: nitrate NO2-:nitrite ClO3-:chlorate ClO-: hypochlorite

Match each of the following polyatomic ions with its correct name.

OH-: hydroxide NO2-: nitrite NO3-: nitrate PO43- phosphate NH4+: ammonium

Match each oxoanion with its correct name.

PO43-: phosphate PO33-:phosphiteBrO3-:bromate BrO2-:bromite

Match the name for each polyatomic ion with its correct formula.

Sulfate- SO4^2-Sulfite- SO3^2-Permanganate- MnO4 Carbonate- CO3^2

Which of the following statements correctly describe the VSEPR model? Select all that apply.

The VSEPR model is used to predict the geometry of a covalently bonded species. According to this model, the valence electrons around a central atom are located as far from each other as possible. A Lewis structure is necessary in order to apply the VSEPR model.

Select all the options that correctly describe the bond angles associated with each electron-domain geometry.

The trigonal bipyramidal system has two different bond angles. A bond angle of 180o is observed for a linear system. A species with 3 electron domains will exhibit an ideal bond angle of 120o.

Which electrons are shown in a Lewis structure?

The valence electrons of all atoms in a molecule

Select all the statements that correctly describe the bonding and geometry in the polyatomic ion SeCl5-.

There are 6 electron domains around the central atom. The molecular geometry is square pyramidal. There is one lone pair on the central atom.

Which statement about naming cations of main group metals is correct?

When a metal forms a cation, the word ion is added to the name, without changing the name of the metal.

Calculate the formal charges on each of the nitrogen atoms in the N3- ion shown. The overall charge of the ion has been omitted in the structure.

a = -1; b = +1; c = -1

Select all that apply Which of the following Lewis dot symbols correctly represent each element? Select all that apply.

a,c,e (b,s,h)

When naming a molecular compound, the number of _____ of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical prefix. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than _____ atom of that element is present.

atoms, one

Select all that apply Which of the following Lewis dot symbols correctly represent each element?

b,c,e (c, cl,n)

Match each molecular geometry correctly to the electron-domain arrangement described.

bent- 3 electron domains; 1 lone pair T-shaped- 5electron domain; 2 lone pairs square pyramidal;- 6 electron domains; 1 lone pair tetrahedral-4 electron domains; 0 lone pairs linear- 2 electron domains; 0 lone pairs

In an ABx molecule, the angle between two adjacent A-B bonds is called the _____ angle. This angle is determined by the number of_____ domains or groups surrounding the central atom.

bond, electron

The molecular shape of a species, which is the arrangement of the bonded atoms around the central atom, is determined not only by the number of _____ electron domains that join the atoms, but by the number of _____ electron domains as well, since these electrons also occupy space.

bonding nonbonding

The BrO3- ion is named bromate. What is the name of the oxoacid with the formula HBrO3?

bromic acid

Which image correctly represents the separation of charge between atoms in the molecule sulfur monoxide?

c aka the answer that looks like this s- s+ o======s

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the hydronium ion, H3O+?

c or H_--o--H | h

Match each anion name on the left with the name of its corresponding acid on the right.

chloride- hydrochloric acid chlorite- chlorous acid perchlorate-perchloric acid phosphate- phosphoric acid phosphite- phosphorous acid

The ionic compound CrCl3 is correctly named _____.

chromium(III) chloride

The electron-domain geometry of a species is the arrangement of electron _____ around the central atom, whereas the molecular geometry is the arrangement of bonded _____. Two species with the same electron-domain geometry may have different molecular geometries.

domains, atoms

Elements that do not obey the octet rule because they have more than eight valence electrons are said to have an ___ valence shell. This is only possible for elements that have available ___ orbitals, which are the elements found from period ___ of the periodic table onward.

expanded, d, 3

Which symbol correctly depicts the shift in electron density between the two atoms in an HCl molecule?

h--->cl

Which of the structures shown is the best Lewis structure for CH4O?

its the answer where only O has 4 dots on it

Match each number of electron domains with the correct electron-domain geometry.

linear- 2 domains trigonal planar- 3 domains tetrahedral- 4 domains trigonal bipyramidal- 5 domains octahedral- 6 domains

Match each molecular geometry correctly to the electron-domain arrangement described.

linear- 5 electron domains; 3 lone pairs seesaw- 5 electron domains; 1 lone pair square planar- 6 electron domains; 2 lone pairs bent- 4 electron domains; 2 lone pairs trigonal pyramidal- 4 electron domains; 1 lone pair

What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li3N?

lithium nitride

An acid that has only one ionizable proton is termed _____, whereas an acid with two or more ionizable protons is termed_____.

monoprotic, polyprotic or diprotic

The oxoacid of the nitrate ion is called _____ while that of the nitrite ion is called ______.

nitric acid; nitrous acid

Which of the following is the correct name for the molecular compound NO2?

nitrogen dioxide

Which of the structures shown is the best Lewis structure for COCl2?

o (4 dots) | |Cl-c-Cl the cl's have 6 dots each

A chemical bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms is called a _____ _____ bond.

polar covalent

What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na2CO3?

sodium carbonate

The compound MgS is correctly named magnesium _____

sulfide

In a Lewis structure of a molecule, only the _____ electrons are shown.

valence

In a many-electron atom, only the electrons at the ______ level will participate in covalent bonding.

valence

The Lewis structure for the cyanide ion is shown. The formal charge on the C atom is equal to _____ and the formal charge on the N atom is equal to _____.

-1; 0

Select all that apply Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name a binary molecular compound? Select all that apply.

-A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound. -The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate. -The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide.

Select all that apply Select all the statements that correctly describe how to draw a Lewis structure.

-A single bond contains 2 electrons and is represented by a solid line. -An electron is added to the total count for each negative charge on the species. -A Lewis structure includes all the valence electrons in the species.

Select the statements that correctly describe naming an oxoanion. Select all that apply.

-An oxoanion containing two fewer oxygen atoms than the -ate ion is called the hypo...ite ion. -An oxoanion containing one more oxygen atom than the -ate ion will have the prefix per- added.

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe the general trends in electronegativity? Select all that apply.

-Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group of the periodic table. -Fluorine is the most electronegative element. -Metals tend to have lower electronegativities than nonmetals.

Select all that apply Select all statements that correctly describe formal charge.

-Formal charge can be used to determine the most plausible Lewis structure for a given compound. -Formal charge is the comparison of an atom's associated electrons with its isolated valence electrons.

Consider the phosphate ion, PO43-. Draw Lewis structures and assign formal charges for structures with: A) all single bonds or B) three single bonds and one double bond (note this gives rise to four equivalent resonance structures). Which of the following statements could chemists use to argue about which is the dominant structure? Select all the correct statements.

-Structure A may be dominant because all P and O atoms have an octet. -Structure B may be dominant because some data shows average bond length to be less than that for a single bond.

Consider the Lewis structures shown for the species SOCl2. Not all are possible resonance forms, and formal charges have been deliberately omitted from individual atoms. Select all the statements that correctly describe the structure of SOCl2.

-Structure B is preferred because all formal charges are zero. -S can use an expanded valence shell because it has available d orbitals.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the rules for naming oxoacids? Select all that apply.

-The acid derived from the bromate anion would be called bromic acid. -The acid derived from the chlorite anion would be called chlorous acid. -The names of oxoacids are related to the names of the oxoanions from which they are derived.

Select all that apply Consider the formation of an ionic bond between the elements potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). Which of the following statements describe this process correctly? Select all that apply.

-Total number of electrons lost equals the total number of electrons gained -K loses one electron from its 4s orbital to form a K+ cation -Both the K+ and Cl- ions have full outer shells containing 8 electrons

How many electrons are in the valence shell of the central atom of ICl3Cl3?

10

The Lewis structure for one of the resonance forms of the sulfate ion, SO42-, is shown. What is the approximate value of the marked O-S-O bond angle?

109.5

Which of the following combinations will result in an ionic compound with a balanced number of positive and negative charges? Select all that apply.

2 Li+ and S2- Ca2+ and 2 F- Na+ and Br-

The correct formula for the compound dichlorine pentoxide is Cl _____ O _____. Enter your answer in the correct format.

2,5

The covalently bonded species shown has _____ bonding pair(s) of electrons and _____ lone pair(s).

3,1

In the molecule KrBr2 there are ____ electron domains surrounding the central Kr atom; ____ bonding pair(s) and 3 lone pair(s). The molecular geometry around the central atom is therefore _____.

5 2 3 linear

Match each ideal bond angle with the correct electron-domain geometry in each case.

90-octahedral 120-trgonal planar 109.5-tetrahedral 180-linear 90 and 120-trgonal bipyramidal

The Lewis structure for the AsF5 is shown. The approximate value of the bond angle marked "a" is equal to _____ while the approximate value of the bond angle marked "b" is equal to _____. (Remember that this species has a three-dimensional shape, as indicated by the wedged and dashed bonds.)

90°; 120°

Which image correctly depicts the shift in electron density in the bonds of a CO2 molecule?

<--- ---> o== c ==o

Click and drag on elements in order Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (increasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general trends in lattice energy. Start with the compound that has the lowest lattice energy at the top of the list.

CaBr2, MgCL2, Li2O

Which of the following options correctly describe the NH2-CH=O structure? Select all that apply.

Carbon will have a trigonal planar molecular geometry. Nitrogen will have a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.

Which of the following elements may form an expanded valence shell? Select all that apply.

Cl Xe S

Many polyatomic ions are oxoanions, containing a nonmetal bonded to one or more oxygen atoms. If ClO3- has the name chlorate, match each of the other oxoanions in the same family to its correct name.

ClO4-: perchlorate ClO2-: chlorite ClO-:hypochlorite

The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its _____ . This ability generally _____ as the size of the atom decreases, since for a smaller atom the shared electrons will be closer to the nucleus.

Electronegativity, Increases.

A 5-electron domain system (shown) has two different types of positions for electron domains. The three positions marked "1" form a trigonal plane about the central atom and are called _____ positions, while the two positions marked "2" are _____ positions.

Equatorial, Axial

True or false: All of the electrons in a many-electron atom can participate in covalent bonding.

False

Which of the following statements correctly describe polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? Select all that apply.

In a polar covalent bond the electron density is highest near the more electronegative atom. A bond between atoms whose electronegativities differ by less than 0.5 is nonpolar.

Click and drag on elements in order Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing lattice energy (decreasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general periodic trends. Start by placing the compound with the highest lattice energy at the top of the list.

MgO, Na2O, KBr

Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds? Select all that apply.

Potassium chloride, Copper(II) oxide

Common or trivial names are sometimes used to name metal cations. Match each rule to the correct description, and each cation to the correct name.

The metal cation with the lower charge has the suffix -ous The metal cation with the higher charge has the suffix -ic Fe2+ is named ferrous. Fe3+ is named ferric.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name a binary molecular compound? Select all that apply.

The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate. The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide. A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound.

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond is called a shared or _____ electron pair, whereas an outer-level electron pair that is not involved in bonding is called an unshared or _____ pair.

bonding, lone

Give the name of the ion most commonly formed by each of the following elements: Fluorine forms the _____ ion. Chlorine forms the _____ ion.

fluoride, chloride

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for the molecule OF2?

the answer is whatever pic has four dots on O so like two on top and two on bottom of the o ö . . like this but closer

Click and drag on elements in order Using the table of electronegativities provided arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. (Place the least polar bond at the top of the list.)

1. Pd-H 2. C-H 3. N-O 4. F-Cl

Click and drag on elements in order Order the steps for drawing a correct Lewis structure for a molecule, beginning with the first.

1. count the number 2. complete the octets 3. place any remaining 4. if necessary to

Using the table of electronegativities provided arrange the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. (Place the least polar bond at the top of the list.) Instructions

1. pd-h 2. c-h 3. n-o 4. f-cl

Organize the steps for determining molecular shape in the correct order, starting with the first step at the top of the list.

1. use the molecular formula 2. count the number of electron 3. determine the electron 4. determine the molecular shape