Chem 19 - Chapter 11: O-chem functional groups

Oxidation of 3° alcohols...

...3° alcohols cannot be oxidized.

Oxidation of 2° alcohol produces...

...a ketone as the final product.

Oxidation of a 1° alcohol initially produces an...

...aldehyde which is then further oxidized to the carboxylic acid.

Ketones are named by...

...replacing the -e in corresponding alkane name with -one.

Aldehydes and ketones are soluble in...

...water due to hydrogen bonding.

Functional group

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.

Benzaldehyde

Aldehyde connected directly to a benzene ring

Phenol

Any of a family of organic compounds characterized by a hydroxyl (−OH) group attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic ring.

Alcohol

Any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon.

Aldehydes

Compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

Ketones

Compound with the structure RC(=O)R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones and aldehydes are simple compounds that contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond).

Ethers

Compounds that contain an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula R-O-R′, where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups.

Primary alcohol

One carbon atom attached to an -OH group

Heating alcohols in the presence of strong acid catalyst converts the alcohol into an alkene.

This is called a dehydration reaction because water is REMOVED from the alcohol.

Tertiary alcohol

Three carbon atoms attached to an -OH group

Secondary alcohol

Two carbon atoms attached to an -OH group

Thiol

any of a class of organic chemical compounds similar to the alcohols and phenols but containing a sulfur atom (-SH) in place of the oxygen atom.