Chem ch. 8

Which of the following products is not suitable to timed-release method for medications that are desired to have an extended effective level time? a. appetite control materials b. analgesics used for middle-aged people c. fluoride compounds in a toothpaste d. diuretics

a toothpaste

The equilibrium for the following reaction at 1 atm and 25°C lies far to the left. A possible equilbrium constant for this reaction would be _____ . N2 + 3H2--->3NH3 a. 0.5 b. 0 c. 1.5 d. impossible to predict

a. 0.5

Based on the following equilibrium constants, which reaction essentially goes to completion? Reaction K 1 3.33 × 1044 2 2.75 × 10-36 3 1.00 × 101 4 1.81 × 100 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

a. 1

Which statement is a correct application of Le Châtelier's principle? a. Addition of a substance to the left side of an equilibrium shifts it to the right. b. Any stress to the right side of a chemical equilibrium results in a shift to the left to relieve the stress. c. Heat added or taken away from a chemical equilibrium in which one side is exothermic will not shift the reaction. d. Responses b and c are correct.

a. Addition of a substance to the left side of an equilibrium shifts it to the right.

Which statement is incorrect with reference to Le Châtelier's principle? a. In a reaction of the type, Q + 2R 3T, the addition of one mole of Q results in the tripling of T. b. If the reaction to the right is exothermic, the reaction to the left must be endothermic. c. If the reaction rate of the forward reaction is known, then the reaction rate of the reverse reaction is also known. d. Responses b and c are incorrect.

a. In a reaction of the type, Q + 2R 3T, the addition of one mole of Q results in the tripling of T.

You purchase a glow stick during an evening parade. After it ends, your roommate tells you that if you place it in the freezer, it will glow for a longer time. Assuming she knows what she is talking about, why would this be true? a. Reaction rates can be expected to decrease as temperature is reduced. b. It's dark in a closed freezer, preventing the stick from glowing. c. There is less oxygen inside the freezer than outside, so the reaction slows down. d. Your roommate simply made up the story to annoy you.

a. Reaction rates can be expected to decrease as temperature is reduced.

What would be the effect of doubling the pressure on the following equilibrium system? N2(g) + 3F2(g)-->2NF3(g) a. Shift it to the right. b. Shift it to the left. c. Will have no effect. d. Will be impossible to predict.

a. Shift it to the right.

For the reaction below, which of the following would take place once pure A and B are mixed together? A + B C a. The concentration of C would increase for a time, then remain constant. b. The concentration of A would increase for a time, then decrease. c. The concentration of B would increase for a time, then remain constant. d. More than one response is correct.

a. The concentration of C would increase for a time, then remain constant.

Which of the following states of matter generally has the lowest entropy? a. a crystalline solid b. a liquid c. a gas d. two have the same entropy

a. a crystalline solid

For the following reaction, which of the given changes will increase the value of the equilibrium constant? AB + CD --->AD + BC + heat a. decreasing the temperature b. adding AB to the reaction c. removing CD from the reaction d. All of these changes will increase K

a. decreasing the temperature

Ice has a(n) ____ entropy than that of liquid water. a. lower b. equal c. higher d. can not tell

a. lower

A reaction is spontaneous when the conditions are a. present for that reaction to progress and it does. b. at STP. c. such for an exothermic reaction that there is less energy in the reactants than in the products. d. There is more than one correct response.

a. present for that reaction to progress and it does

Which is assumed to be true in most explanations of how reactions occur? a. reactant particles must collide with each other b. catalysts must be present c. energy must be absorbed as the reaction proceeds d. more than one response is correct

a. reactant particles must collide with each other

Which of the following is NOT true regarding a chemical reaction? a. All matter is considered to be composed of tiny particles. b. All particles contain potential energy, measured by constant motion. c. Particle speed always increases with rising temperature. d. Colliding particles will transfer energy with no loss in system energy.

b. All particles contain potential energy, measured by constant motion.

CFC's are in the environment because they were released into the atmosphere. What was the use of CFC's? a. These are Chlorine-Fluorine Chain compounds used to purify the water. b. CFC's were used in pressurized cans that dispersed hair spray, paint, and other sprayed materials. c. CFC's had a use in the manufacture of steel and were released to the atmosphere by large industry. d. There is more than one correct response.

b. CFC's were used in pressurized cans that dispersed hair spray, paint, and other sprayed materials.

Most automobiles function by burning gasoline by a process similar to the equation shown, in which octane is burned. C8H18 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + heat (not balanced) Using the concept of entropy, interpret the implications of this reaction. a. It goes to the right because it is spontaneous after a spark is supplied. b. It explains why a car stops running when there is no gas in the fuel tank. c. Gasoline can be made commercially because the reaction can run backwards if the energy is returned to the CO2 and H2O. d. All of these responses are correct with respect to entropy.

b. It explains why a car stops running when there is no gas in the fuel tank.

You've been told that 'when a change is made in any factor of an established equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will shift in a direction that will minimize or oppose the change.' This is a statement of which of the following? a. molecular collision principle b. Le Châtelier's principle c. law of definite proportions d. Boyle's law

b. Le Châtelier's principle

Which statement applies to equilibria in general? a. The larger the value of K, the closer the amounts of matter on the right and left will be equal. b. The larger the value of K, the greater the amount of matter on the right. c. The larger the value of K, the greater the amount of matter on the left. d. None of these responses are correct because reactions at equilibrium have equal amounts of matter on the left and the right sides of the equation

b. The larger the value of K, the greater the amount of matter on the right.

Which statement applies to a reaction at equilibrium? a. The energy of activation has been supplied to bring the reaction to equilibrium. b. The state of the equilibrium can be expressed as a ratio. c. There are equal amounts of matter on either side of the reaction. d. All of the responses are correct.

b. The state of the equilibrium can be expressed as a ratio.

The device used to measure heat produced or used by a chemical reaction is called a(n) _____ . a. thermometer b. calorimeter c. activator d. joulery

b. calorimeter

Catalytic action is a. responsible for speeding up and slowing down chemical reactions. b. directly opposed by inhibitors. c. much more effective at room temperature than higher temperature. d. there is more than one correct response.

b. directly opposed by inhibitors.

Which of the following is an endergonic process? a. exothermic reactions b. endothermic reactions c. equilibrium reactions d. none of them

b. endothermic reactions

At 20°C, a sample of solid spontaneously sublimes to a gas. This change in state is accompanied by which of the following changes in the solid sample? a. entropy & energy decrease b. entropy & energy increase c. entropy decreases & energy increases d. energy decreases & entropy increases

b. entropy & energy increase

A patient complains about having painful muscle spasms after working on a very hot day. The patient's skin is moist and cool, heart rate is near normal as well as his/her body temperature. What should you not do for them? a. get them to a cool place b. give them a caffeinated drink c. sponge them with cool water d. encourage them to lie down and rest

b. give them a caffeinated drink

An elderly person comes to you on a winter day with blue fingers and toes, sluggish movement, and slurred speech. What condition do they most likely have? a. hyperthermia b. hypothermia c. heat exhaustion d. none of the choices

b. hypothermia

In an exergonic process, the system _____ . a. gains energy b. loses energy c. either gains or loses energy d. no energy change at all

b. loses energy

Homogeneous catalysts are thought to function by a. raising the temperature. b. lowering activation energy of a reaction. c. removing a reacting molecule. d. More than one response is correct

b. lowering activation energy of a reaction.

Equilibrium: The following question(s) refer to the equilibrium given below in which all reactants and products are gases. CH4 + H2O---->>CH3OH + H2 + heat Indicate the effect of the changing condition on the position of equilibrium. Refer to Equilibrium. Add CH4 to the mixture. a. shifts left b. shifts right c. no effect d. can shift to right or left

b. shifts right

Equilibrium: The following question(s) refer to the equilibrium given below in which all reactants and products are gases. CH4 + H2O---->>CH3OH + H2 + heat Indicate the effect of the changing condition on the position of equilibrium. Refer to Equilibrium. Cool the mixture. a. shifts left b. shifts right c. no effect d. can shift to right or left

b. shifts right

Equilibrium: The following question(s) refer to the equilibrium given below in which all reactants and products are gases. CH4 + H2O---->>CH3OH + H2 + heat Indicate the effect of the changing condition on the position of equilibrium. Refer to Equilibrium. Remove H2 from the mixture. a. shifts left b. shifts right c. no effect d. can shift to right or left

b. shifts right

If we add a catalyst to the following equation, which way will the equilibrium shift? CO + H2O + heat-->CO2 + H2 a. to the left b. will have no effect c. to the right d. not enough information.

b. will have no effect

BrCl is put into an empty 1.00 L container. At equilibrium, the molar concentration of BrCl is 0.382, and that of Br2 is 0.319. Evaluate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction. Br2(g) + Cl2(g)-->2BrCl(g) a. 0.457 b. 0.699 c. 1.43 d. 5.74

c. 1.43

When the equilibrium expression is written for the reaction N2(g) + 3F2(g)--->2NF3(g) what is the exponent of the concentration of fluorine, F2? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 0

c. 3

Which of the following interpretations of the spontaneous chemical reaction is correct? V + W → Y + Z + heat a. V is written first because it contains more energy than W, Y, or Z. b. The entropy on the left of the equation is greater than that on the right. c. The entropy on the right of the equation is greater than that on the left. d. Entropy has nothing to do with this chemical equation.

c. The entropy on the right of the equation is greater than that on the left.

The reaction conditions for a specific reaction, BCD + HA → ABCDH, are correct, but the reaction does not occur. What could be the reason? a. There are no collisions between the molecules. b. The collisions of the particles with the container walls remove the required energy because it is transferred to the container molecules. c. The orientation of the molecules with respect to each other is not correct for the reaction to occur. d. There is more than one answer.

c. The orientation of the molecules with respect to each other is not correct for the reaction to occur.

CFC's such as CF2Cl2, are associated with the increase in chemical activity that degrades ozone. Which of the following relates to this phenomenon? a. This is not serious because the only area of the planet involved is at the poles and there is very little life to be affected by the increase in UV. b. The catalyzing of the ozone breakdown decreases the amount of UV at the surface of the planet. c. The process by which the ozone is degraded is catalytic and can be controlled by the reduction of CFC's. d. All of these responses are correct.

c. The process by which the ozone is degraded is catalytic and can be controlled by the reduction of CFC's.

Which is an incorrect statement when discussing molecular collisions leading to the chemical reaction, AB + CD → AD + CB? a. The faster the motion of the molecules, the more likely they are to collide. b. The faster the motion of the molecules, the greater the probability that a chemical reaction will occur. c. The slower the motion of the molecules, the more likely that this reaction will become an equilibrium reaction favoring the left side of the equation. d. The relationship between molecular collisions and reaction rate is direct.

c. The slower the motion of the molecules, the more likely that this reaction will become an equilibrium reaction favoring the left side of the equation.

A catalyzed, aqueous chemical reaction occurs. Which of the following conditions will reach completion the soonest? a. a low concentration of catalyst b. a high concentration of the reactants c. a high concentration of catalyst d. stirring the reaction mixture

c. a high concentration of catalyst

A doctor has given your patient a prescription of a common amphetamine. What should the patient avoid when taking this medication? a. exercise b. fruit juices c. alcohol d. none of the choices

c. alcohol

A process that gains or accepts energy as it takes place is a(n) _____ . a. exergonic process b. spontaneous process c. endergonic process d. all of these

c. endergonic process

The concept of entropy a. is employed to explain how energy can be stored. b. is employed to explain how an exothermic reaction can become endothermic. c. is employed as an indicator of disorder in a system. d. explains why most chemical reactions are endothermic.

c. is employed as an indicator of disorder in a system.

In a system of equilibrium, it is true that the rate of the forward reaction a. exceeds that of the reverse. b. is lower than that of the reverse reaction. c. is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. d. More than one response is correct.

c. is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.

Equilibrium: The following question(s) refer to the equilibrium given below in which all reactants and products are gases. CH4 + H2O---->>CH3OH + H2 + heat Indicate the effect of the changing condition on the position of equilibrium. Refer to Equilibrium. Add a catalyst to the mixture. a. shifts left b. shifts right c. no effect d. can shift to right or left

c. no effect

Which of the following is most closely related to the term "reaction rate"? a. the temperature needed to initiate a reaction b. the position of equilibrium when a reaction stops c. the speed of a reaction d. more than one response is correct

c. the speed of a reaction

If we remove CO2 from the following equation, which way will the equilibrium shift? CO + H2O + heat-->CO2 + H2 a. to the left b. will have no effect c. to the right d. not enough information

c. to the right

Sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide, but only if the high activation energy is supplied. Which condition will lower the activation energy the most? a. stirring the mixture b. heating the mixture c. using a catalyst d. activation energy cannot be lowered

c. using a catalyst

Which of the following statements about a K of 3.5 calculated for a specific chemical reaction at equilibrium is incorrect? a. It was calculated by dividing the product of the products by that of the reactants. b. It indicates that one side of the reaction has most of the matter present. c. It is an evaluation of the extent of the two chemical reactions involved: the forward and the reverse reactions. d. A K of 3.5 indicates that a catalyst will push the reaction to the right.

d. A K of 3.5 indicates that a catalyst will push the reaction to the right.

What is the direct cause of a chemical reaction of the type E + F → EF? a. Catalysts are the direct cause of chemical reactions of this type. b. The energy in the environment at room temperature causes the reaction. c. The electromagnetic attraction between E and F draw them together. d. Collisions occurring between E's and F's lead them to reaction.

d. Collisions occurring between E's and F's lead them to reaction.

Which method can be used to product a timed-release medication? a. The patient is given the medication in small doses over time, rather than one larger dose. b. The patient is to take the medication two or three times a day. c. The medication is provided in special capsules that are subdivided into smaller, pulverized portions of the medicinal compound. d. The medication compound is produced in very small amounts and each is coated with a material of varying thickness.

d. The medication compound is produced in very small amounts and each is coated with a material of varying thickness.

Which of the statements is correct when referring to the following reaction? H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) a. This reaction is reversible because the amount of heat given off by the forward reaction is the same as the heat given off by the reverse reaction. b. The physical state of the reaction is found by using K c. Most of the matter is on the right side of the equation. d. There isn't a correct response provided.

d. There isn't a correct response provided.

A room filled with a 2:1 mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases can be safely inhaled. However, with a single spark, it can react explosively. Since the explosion would be considered a spontaneous process, what did the spark provide? a. endothermic energy b. exothermic energy c. free energy d. activation energy

d. activation energy

The energy required to start some spontaneous processes is called ___ . a. internal energy b. collision energy c. free energy d. activation energy

d. activation energy

Which of the following will influence all reaction rates? a. the presence of catalysts b. the temperature of reactants c. the concentration of reactants d. more than one response is correct

d. more than one response is correct