chem chap 9 (more gases)

Given the formula C1V1=C2V2C1V1=C2V2, where CCC indicates concentration and VVV indicates volume, which equation represents the correct way to find the concentration of the dilute solution (C2C2C_2)?

C2 = C1V1 / V2 (Numbers go to bottom)

How many liters of a 25 %% (m/vm/v) KOHKOH solution would you need to obtain 53.7 gg of KOHKOH? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

0.21 L

How many liters of a 3.45 MKNO3MKNO3 solution can be prepared from 84.1 gg of KNO3KNO3? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

0.241 L

Calculate the final concentration of each of the following. You may want to reference (Pages 306 - 308) Section 9.5 while completing this problem. 1.1 LL of a 2.50 MM HNO3HNO3 solution is added to water so that the final volume is 8.0 LL. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

0.34 M

A liquid cough syrup has 3.0 mL of active ingredient in 50.0 mL of solution. If 10.0 mL is the dose, how many mL of active ingredient are present in the dose?

0.60 mL active ingredient

Calculate the molarity of 80.0 gg of HClHCl in 3.00 LL of an HClHCl solution. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

0.732 M

As a dialysis patient, Michelle has a 4-hh dialysis treatment three times a week. When she arrives at the dialysis clinic, her weight, temperature, and blood pressure are taken and blood tests are done to determine the level of electrolytes and urea in her blood. In the dialysis center, tubes to the dialyzer are connected to the catheter she has had implanted. Blood is then pumped out of her body, through the dialyzer where it is filtered, and returned to her body. As Michelle's blood flows through the dialyzer, electrolytes from the dialysate move into her blood, and waste products in her blood move into the dialysate, which is continually renewed. To achieve normal serum electrolyte levels, dialysate fluid contains sodium, chloride, and magnesium levels that are equal to serum concentrations. These electrolytes are removed from the blood only if their concentrations are higher than normal. Typically, in dialysis patients, the potassium ion level is higher than normal. Therefore, initial dialysis may start with a low concentration of potassium ion in the dialysate. During dialysis excess fluid is removed by osmosis. A 4-hh dialysis session requires at least 120 LL of dialysis fluid. During dialysis, the electrolytes in the dialysate are adjusted until the electrolytes have the same levels as normal serum. Initially the dialysate solution prepared for Michelle contains the following: HCO3−HCO3−, K+K+, Na+Na+, Ca2+Ca2+, Mg2+Mg2+, Cl−Cl−, glucose. A CaCl2CaCl2 solution is given to increase blood levels of calcium. If a patient receives 8.0 mLmL of a 12 %% (m/vm/v) CaCl2CaCl2 solution, how many grams of CaCl2CaCl2 were given? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

0.96 g

A 55.5 mLmL sample of an 4.5 %% (mm/vv) KBrKBr solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is 217.5 mLmL. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

1.1 %

Water is added to 0.60 LL of a 8.4 MM NaFNaF solution to make 4.0 LL of a diluted NaFNaF solution. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

1.3 M

Calculate the molarity (MM) of 158.8 gg of H2SO4H2SO4 in 1.055 LL of solution. Express your answer to four significant figures.

1.536 M

You may want to reference (Pages 298 - 306) Section 9.4 while completing this problem. Calculate the molarity of the following solutions. Calculate the molarity of 0.750 molmol of glucose in 0.400 LL of a glucose solution. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

1.88 M

Calculate the molarity of 25.0 gg of NaOHNaOH in 330. mLmL of an NaOHNaOH solution. Express your answer with the appropriate units.

1.89 M

Indicate the compartment that will increase in volume for the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:

10 % (m/v) starch

Indicate the compartment that will increase in volume for the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:

10 % (m/v) sucrose

Calculate the amount of solution (gg or mLmL) that contains each of the following amounts of solute. 3.6 gg of LiNO3LiNO3 from a 35 %(m/m)%(m/m) LiNO3LiNO3 solution Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

10. g

Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water. If a 205 mLmL bottle of distilled vinegar contains 22.0 mLmL of acetic acid, what is the volume percent (v/v) of the solution? Express your answer to three significant figures.

10.7 %

39 gg of sucrose in 360 mLmL of a carbonated drink Give your answer to two significant figures.

11 %

A 8.0 mLmL sample of a 46.0 %% (mm/vv) acetic acid (HC2H3O2HC2H3O2) solution is added to water to give a final volume of 33 mLmL. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

11 %

A 760 mLmL NaClNaCl solution is diluted to a volume of 1.15 LL and a concentration of 8.00 MM . What was the initial concentration C1C1C_1? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

12.1 M

A bottle of champagne is 19 %% alcohol by volume. If there is 770 mLmL of champagne in the bottle, how many milliliters of alcohol are present? Express your answer using two significant figures.

150 mL

How many milliliters of a 4.65 MM LiClLiCl solution contain 35.1 gg of LiClLiCl? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

178 mL

What is the final volume V2V2V_2 in milliliters when 0.772 LL of a 48.9 %% (m/v) solution is diluted to 20.8 %% (m/v)? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

1810 mL

Consider a 20.0 % (m/v) solution. How can this be written as a conversion factor?

20.0 g of solute / 100 mL of solution

3.0 mLmL of formic acid from a 14 %(v/v)%(v/v) formic acid solution Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

21 mL

Calculate the mass/volume percent (m/v) of 13.5 gg NaClNaCl in 59.5 mLmL of solution. Express your answer to three significant figures.

22.7%

500. mLmL of 0.40 %% (m/vm/v) NaClNaCl from 8.8 %% (m/vm/v) NaClNaCl Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

23 mL

Calculate the mass/volume percent, % (m/v) for the solute in each of the following solutions. 67 gg of Na2SO4Na2SO4 in 285 mLmL of Na2SO4Na2SO4 solution Give your answer to two significant figures.

24 %

Calculate the mass percent (m/m) of a solution prepared by dissolving 52.04 gg of NaClNaCl in 153.5 gg of H2OH2O. Express your answer to four significant figures.

25.32%

You have a large amount of 9.00 MM stock solution. You need 1.00 LL of 2.00 MM solution for an experiment. How would you prepare the desired solution without wasting any stock solution?

Start with 0.222 L of the stock solution. Add water until you reach a total volume of 1.00 L .

The following table gives the solubility of solute XX in water at two different temperatures You have prepared a saturated solution of XX at 20∘C∘C using 29.0 gg of water. How much more solute can be dissolved if the temperature is increased to 30∘C∘C? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

3.48 g

Calculate the grams of solute needed to prepare each of the following. You may want to reference (Pages 298 - 305) Section 9.4 while completing this problem. 4.00 LL of a 2.00 M NaOH solution Express your answer with the appropriate units.

320. g

800. mLmL of 3.30 MM NaOHNaOH from 7.60 MM NaOHNaOH Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

347 mL

190. mLmL of a 2.20 M NaNO3M NaNO3 solution Express your answer with the appropriate units.

35.5 g

A 6.00 %% (m/v) NaClNaCl solution contains 21.2 gg of NaClNaCl. What is the total volume (VVV) of the solution in milliliters? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

353 mL

You have a solution that is 18.5%% (v/v) methyl alcohol. If the bottle contains 2.00 LL of solution, what is the volume (VVV) in milliliters of methyl alcohol? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

370 mL

3.60 LL of a 0.110 M CaCl2 solution Express your answer with the appropriate units.

43.9 g

A solution of rubbing alcohol is 76.1 %% (v/v) isopropanol in water. How many milliliters of isopropanol are in a 85.2 mL mL sample of the rubbing alcohol solution? Express your answer to three significant figures.

64.8 mL

39.2 gg of KOHKOH from a 5.00 %(m/m)%(m/m) KOHKOH solution Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

784 g

Indicate the compartment that will increase in volume for the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:

8 % (m/v) albumin

How many liters of a 3.83 M M K2SO4K2SO4 solution are needed to provide 61.6 g g of K2SO4K2SO4 (molar mass 174.01 g/molg/mol)? Recall that MM is equivalent to mol/Lmol/L. Express your answer to three significant figures.

9.24×10^−2L

How many grams (of mass mmm) of glucose are in 175 mLmL of a 5.50%% (m/v) glucose solution? Express your answer with the appropriate units.

9.63 g

What is the initial volume, in milliliters, needed to prepare each of the following diluted solutions? 190 mLmL of 5.2 %% (m/vm/v) HClHCl from 11 %% (m/vm/v) HClHCl Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

90 mL

Look again at the table in Part B, repeated below. The student is told that one of the four solids tested is actually aluminum chloride, AlCl3. Which of the solids could be AlCl3? Check all that apply.

A and D

Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following will contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Aqueous solution contains only ions: NaBr, a strong electrolyte Aqueous solution contains only molecules: ethanol, (C2H6O), a nonelectrolyte Aqueous solution contains mostly molecules and a few ions: nitrous acid, (HNO2), a weak electrolyte

A student tests four solids for their ability to complete an electrical circuit when dissolved in water by observing their ability to close a circuit containing a light bulb and obtains the following results: Which of the solids is a weak electrolyte when dissolved in water? Check all that apply.

B.

Imagine that you mix 50 gg of a solute with 100 gg of water at 40 ∘C∘C. Classify each solute by whether it would completely or partially dissolve under these conditions. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Completely dissolved: \({\rm NaNO_3}\) \({\rm KNO_3}\) Pb(NO3)2 Partially dissolved: \({\rm K_2Cr_2O_7}\) \({\rm KClO_3}\) \({\rm KCl}\)

The rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent depends on the kinetic energy of the solution, the time of contact, and the surface area of contact between the solute and the solvent particles. Both endothermic and exothermic dissolution processes will respond similarly to each factor, however the change may be more pronounced depending on the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction. As the kinetic energy, time of contact, and surface area of contact between the solute and the solvent particles increase, the rate at which the solute undergoes dissolution in a solvent increases. Similarly, as the kinetic energy, time of contact, and surface area of contact between the solute and the solvent particles decrease, the rate at which the solute undergoes dissolution in a solvent decreases. The dissolution process can be altered by varying these parameters, such as by increasing or decreasing the temperature or by reducing the particle size of the solute. Consider the preparation of a NaClNaCl salt solution using coarse crystals of NaClNaCl in an unstirred container at room temperature. Classify the following conditions based on the change in the rate of dissolution of NaClNaCl in water compared to the initial preparation if the dissolution process is endothermic. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Faster dissolution process: \(\rm NaCl\) salt is added to water, and the mixture is heated. NaCl salt is added to water, and the mixture is stirred. Finely powdered \(\rm NaCl\) salt is added to water. Slower dissolution process: A large piece of \(\rm NaCl\) salt is added to water. (\rm NaCl\) salt is added to water, and the mixture is cooled.

Each of the following solutions is separated from a solution containing pure water with a semipermeable membrane. Assuming they all have the same temperature, rank the solutions from the highest to the lowest osmotic pressure. Rank the solutions from highest to lowest osmotic pressure. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Highest osmotic pressure to Lowest osmotic pressure (Top to Bottom) 8.6% KCl 5.0% KCl 1.8% KCl 1.5% KCl 0.7% KCl

Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

In a solution of 15 gg of NaCl and 100.0 g of H2O, NaCl is the solute and H2O is the solvent . In a solution of 0.20 L of O2 and 0.80 L of N2, O2 is the solute and N2 is the solvent In a solution of 50.0 mL of ethanol, C2H6O, and 15.0 mL of H2O, C2H6O is the solute and H2O is the solvent

When you think of a solution, you probably imagine a solid dissolved in a liquid. However, a gas can also be dissolved in a liquid. For example, seltzer is a solution of carbon dioxide dissolved in water. Temperature affects the solubility of all solutes, but tends to affect the solubility of gas in the opposite manner to how it affects the solubility of a solid. Determine whether each of the following solutes is more soluble in hot water or cold water. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

More soluble in hot water: potassium nitrate starch More soluble in cold water: chlorine sulfur dioxide helium

An electrolyte is a substance that will conduct electricity when dissolved in water. A substance that conducts electricity well is a strong electrolyte. A substance that conducts electricity poorly is a weak electrolyte. In contrast, a substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water is a nonelectrolyte. Watch the video about the electrolytic properties of sodium chloride, NaClNaCl, and sugar. Watch the animation, then check off the samples that will conduct electricity. Check all that apply.

NaCl solution

Dialysis is a process similar to osmosis, involving the movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane. In dialysis a special type of semipermeable membrane called a dialyzing membrane allows small solute particles as well as water molecules to pass through. However, larger colloidal particles cannot pass through the dialyzing membrane. The process of dialysis can be used to separate smaller molecules from larger colloidal particles. Each of the following is placed in a dialyzing bag and the bag is then immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found outside the bag? Check all that apply.

NaCl solution

Each of the following is placed in a dialyzing bag and the bag is then immersed in distilled water. Which substances will be found inside the bag? Check all that apply.

NaCl solution albumin mixture starch mixture

Consider a mixture of NaClNaCl, albumin mixture, and starch mixtures in a dialyzing bag. The dialyzing bag is then immersed in distilled water. Which of the following actions should be taken to remove the most salt from the mixture?

Replace the water with fresh distilled water periodically.

Use the table to determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at 20 ∘C. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Saturated solution: Adding 476. g of sugar to 125 g of H2O Unsaturated solution: Adding 18g of \(\rm KCl\) to 100. \({\rm g}\) of \({\rm H}_{2}{\rm O}\ Adding 16g of NaNO3 to 25 g of H2O

A solution is a homogenous mixture of solute and solvent. There are different types of solutions. A carbonated drink is an example of a solution where the solute is a gas and the solvent is a liquid. Sugar crystals dissolved in water is an example of a solution where the solute is a solid and the solvent is liquid. Acetic acid is miscible in water, forming a solution commonly known as vinegar. In this case, both the solute and the solvent are liquids. The solubility of solute in a solvent depends on various parameters, such as temperature, pressure, the nature of the solute, and the nature of the solvent. Considering these parameters, identify the statements that are correct for the solubility of a solute in a solvent. Check all that apply.

Table salt dissolves in water to form a solution. Carbon dioxide gas will be more soluble in water when the partial pressure is high. Potassium chloride is soluble in water.

Using the image at the left, which of the following statements are true? Drag each item to the appropriate bin.

True: Side A has a lower concentration of sugar than side B. The solution volume of side B will increase over time. Net movement of water will be from side A to side B. False: The solution volumes of side A and side B will not change over time. Net movement of sugar will be from side B to side A.

Water (H2OH2O) is a polar solvent, and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4CCl4) is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following substances, found or used in the body, more likely to be soluble? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Water polar solvent: \({\rm Na_2CO_3}\) (baking soda), ionic sucrose (table sugar), polar Carbon tetrachloride nonpolar solvent: calciferol (vitamin D2), nonpolar phytonadione (vitamin K), nonpolar

You are making a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in water. You add solid, stir, and it dissolves. You add just a spatula tip full, stir, and the solid does not dissolve. How could you describe the solutions before and after adding the spatula tip amount?

unsaturated, saturated