Chem Test Bonds

Which diagram best illustrates the ion-molecule attractions that occur when the ions of NaCl(s) are added to water?

A

Based on the structures provided in the chart, which one will form only LDF attractions between its molecules?

Butane

Which bond(s) in the structure is sharing electrons equally?

C-H

In chemistry, stability =

Minimizing potential energy

The hydrogen bond drawn in the picture is correct.

False

Based on the structures provided in the chart, which one will form hydrogen bonds between its particles?

1 propanol

1. Predict the correct geometry around oxygen CH3OH. 2. Then classify as polar or nonpolar. 3. Lastly, decide the strongest IMF that this molecule will feel.

1. Bent 2. polar 3. hydrogen bond

1. Predict the geometry of PCl3. 2. Is it polar or nonpolar 3. What is the strongest IMF these molecules will feel?

1. pyramidal 2. polar 3. dipole-dipole

Arrange the three compounds sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and aluminum chloride in order of increasing melting point (lowest to highest).

A

boiling point for acetic acid = 118oC boiling point for methyl acetate = 57oC Select one of the following statements that provides the best justification for the boiling point data given above.

Acetic acid experience Hydrogen bonding attractions; however, methyl acetate does not experience hydrogen bonding.

Based on the structures provided in the chart, which one will form dipole-dipole attractions between its particles?

Acetone

Which of the following statements describes the electrical conductivity associated with LiCl and provides the correct justification.

Aqueous LiCl (dissolved in water) does conduct electricity because the + and - ions are able to move and flow throughout the solution.

Given the electron dot diagram pictured: The electrons in the bond between hydrogen and fluorine are more strongly attracted to the atom of

Fluorine which has higher EN

Highest melting point

C6H12O6

Which of the following has polar bonds but is nonpolar?

CCl4

The image represents a portion of a crystal of lithium chloride (LiCl). Identify the larger grey ions.

Cl-

What type of bond is likely to be found in this compound? CCl4

Covalent bond

What type of bond is likely to be found in this compound? P4S3

Covalent bond

An ionic bond forms when one atom has a much greater _____________ than the other atom and is able to take its electrons.

Electronegativity

Calcium (Ca) and oxygen (O) react to form the compound calcium oxide. Which of the following best describes the bonding in this compound?

Electrons transferred from Ca to O

What type of bond is likely to be found in this compound? CoF3

Ionic bond

What type of bond is likely to be found in this compound? MnBr2

Ionic bond

This picture show properties of a(n)

Ionic compound

At room temperature I2 is a molecular solid. Which of the following provides a characteristic of I2 with a correct explanation?

It is not a good conductor of electricity because it is nonpolar and does not produce ions in solution.

The image represents a portion of a crystal of lithium chloride (LiCl). Identify the smaller dark ion.

Li+

NH3 has a boiling point of -28oF. PH3 has a boiling point of -126oF. Both of these molecules has a pyramidal shape. The reason why it is more difficult to boil NH3 is because...

NH3 can form H-bonds and PH3 cannot.

Based on the data in the tables above, which of the following statements provides the best prediction for the boiling point of NaCl?

NaCl will have a lower boiling point than NaF because the coulombic attractions are weaker in NaCl than in NaF.

Predict which of these will have the higher boiling point: SiH4 or CH4

SiH4 because it is more polarizable

What is the shape of CH3Cl?

Tetrahedral

Which statement explains why a molecule of CH4 is nonpolar?

The geometric shape of a CH4 molecule distributes the charges symmetrically.

The water molecules are correctly surrounding the calcium ion to dissolve it.

True

True or False, chemical bonds are always stronger than IMF's.

True strength of imfs determine melting pt of covalent compounds

This image clearly shows us that

Water is polar

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point?

Xe

The sum of the charges on the ions in a formula unit of the compound is ___________.

Zero

Hexane, C6H14 has a boiling point of 68oC. Ethanol, C2H5OH has a boiling point of 78oC. Check all statements that are true.

ethanol must have stronger IMF's based on its higher boiling point. hydrogen bonding and LDF's are at cross purposes here. (One favors ethanol, the other favors hexane), In this case, the hydrogen bonding evidently "wins." ethanol has a higher point due to hydrogen bonding.

Which of the following are broken when water boils?

hydrogen bonds LDF dipole-dipole

Shape of HCN

liner

HBr is most likely to form a(n) ___________________ bond and ______________________

polar, dissolve in water