CHEM100 - Chapter 3 and 4 Practice Questions
Guess the years: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are invented and used as propellants and refrigerants by people worldwide. (a) 1930s (b) 1940s (c) 1950s (d) 1970s
(a) 1930s
Guess the year: The United Nations meets and adopt the World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer. (a) 1977 (b) 1978 (c) 1982 (d) 1989
(a) 1977
What is the correct IUPAC name for Cr2(SO4)3? (a) chromium (iii) sulfate (b) sulfate oxide (c) sulfite (d) acid
(a) chromium (iii) sulfate
The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere is? (a) CO2 (b) H2O vapor (c) N2 (d) CH4
(b) H2O vapor
The ozone hole is most prominent on the Earth over (a) North America. (b) Europe. (c) Africa. (d) Antarctica.
(d) Antarctica.
Write the chemical formula for bromine pentachloride.
BrCl5
Write the chemical formula for carbon tetrafluoride.
CF4
Write the chemical formula for chromium (iii) phosphate.
CrPO4
Scientists have correlated average global temperature with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. How is the carbon dioxide level determined? (a) By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers (b) By measuring the 18O/16O ratio in the CO2 molecules (c) By extrapolating the CO2 level from the temperature of the ice (d) By extrapolating the CO2 level from the average global temperature
(a) By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers
What international agreement attempted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? (a) Kyoto Protocol (b) Montreal Protocol (c) Oslo Accords (d) Nuremburg Treaty
(a) Kyoto Protocol
Which country has the highest per capita emission of carbon dioxide? (a) United States (b) Germany (c) Canada (d) Saudi Arabia
(a) United States
When it reaches its largest size, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is (a) about as large as North America. (b) about the same size as France. (c) smaller than Iceland. (d) about the same size as Canada.
(a) about as large as North America.
Ozone in our atmosphere is important because it (a) absorbs some UV radiation. (b) helps trees grow. (c) reacts with excess CO2. (d) reflects IR radiation.
(a) absorbs some UV radiation.
Which characteristics pertain to the problem of global warming? i. Possible consequences include altered climate and increased sea level. ii. Heat energy radiated by the earth is captured by atmospheric molecules. iii. Increased skin cancer incidence and damage to radiation sensitive species has been observed. iv. The concentration of stratospheric ozone is declining. (a) i and ii only (b) i and iii only (c) ii and iv only (d) iii and iv only
(a) i and ii only
What is the correct IUPAC name for Mg3(PO4)2? (a) magnesium phosphate (b) manganese phosphoric (c) magnesium phosphide (d) oxygen
(a) magnesium phosphate
The Industrial Revolution is a key point in the Earth's atmospheric history because (a) prior to that time large deposits of petroleum and coal were not being used as energy sources. (b) the first atmospheric studies were conducted at that time. (c) spectrometers that could measure molecular response to infrared radiation were developed at that time. (d) the first aircraft that could be used to collect atmospheric samples were developed at that time.
(a) prior to that time large deposits of petroleum and coal were not being used as energy sources.
A more electronegative atom? (a) will have more attraction to the electrons in a chemical bond (b) is more likely to lose an electron (c) is less likely to form a chemical bond (d) is more likely to form an ionic bond with another highly electronegative atom
(a) will have more attraction to the electrons in a chemical bond
Draw the Lewis Structure of PF3 and then determine the number of nonbonding electron pairs on the central atom. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4 (e) 6
(b) 1
Guess the year: F. Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina and Paul Cruzen discover that CFCs are a major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. (a) 1944 (b) 1974 (c) 1989 (d) 1999
(b) 1974
Guess the year: The Montreal Protocol of Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is signed and ratified by countries worldwide. (a) 1982 (b) 1987 (c) 1992 (d) 1999
(b) 1987
What, approximately, is the highest concentration of CO2 measured in the Earth's atmosphere in modern times? (a) 4000 ppm (b) 400 ppm (c) 40 ppm (d) 4.0 ppm
(b) 400 ppm
What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone? (a) As chlorine increases, ozone increases (b) As chlorine increases, ozone decreases (c) As chlorine changes, the effect on the ozone level is unpredictable (d) As chlorine changes, there is no effect of the ozone level
(b) As chlorine increases, ozone decreases
Which contributes to the ozone hole? (a) Automobile exhaust (b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (c) Loss of northern forests (d) All of these choices are correct
(b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Identify the single most effective strategy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. (a) Use methane rather than gasoline for fuel in cars and trucks (b) Develop alternate energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels (c) Use wood as a home heating fuel (d) Convert all vehicles to diesel fuel
(b) Develop alternate energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels
When an atom absorbs visible radiation: (a) Electrons fall from higher energy levels to lower energy levels (b) Electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher energy levels (c) Neutrons jump from the nucleus to higher energy levels (d) None of these choices are correct
(b) Electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher energy levels
Why are HFCs environmentally superior to the currently used HCFCs? (a) HFCs are not flammable (b) HFCs do not contain chlorine (c) HFCs are lighter and may be transported more easily (d) HFCs are less reactive than HCFCs
(b) HFCs do not contain chlorine
Which one of the following statements best describes electronegativity in atoms? (a) electronegativity is what happens when an atom gains an electron to become an anion. (b) electronegativity is the attraction an element's nucleus has for the electrons in a chemical bond. (c) electronegativity is the energy lost when an atom gains an electron. (d) electronegativity is the energy absorbed when an atom loses an electron.
(b) electronegativity is the attraction an element's nucleus has for the electrons in a chemical bond
Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and (a) react directly with stratospheric ozone to destroy it. (b) interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone. (c) interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone. (d) react with free radicals to remove carbon dioxide.
(b) interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone.
The Montreal protocol is a (a) treaty to protect against global warming. (b) treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world. (c) list of substitutes for CFCs. (d) way to destroy CFCs in the stratosphere.
(b) treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world.
Draw the Lewis Structure of Ozone (O3) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries. (a) planar/trigonal planar (b) trigonal planar/bent (120) (c) trigonal/trigonal planar (d) planar/trigonal (e) pyramidal/pyramidal
(b) trigonal planar/bent (120)
What is the correct molecular geometry of NH3 according to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory? (a) trigonal planar (b) trigonal pyramidal (pyramidal) (c) bent (d) tetrahedral
(b) trigonal pyramidal (pyramidal)
Guess the year: The US and Canada ban the use of CFCs in spray cans. (a) 1966 (b) 1970 (c) 1978 (d) 1987
(c) 1978
CFCs were originally developed to replace which refrigerant compound(s)? (a) Ice (b) HCFCs (c) Ammonia and sulfur dioxide (d) Propane
(c) Ammonia and sulfur dioxide
HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC? (a) CH2Cl—CCl2F (b) CH2FCl (c) CF3CH2F (d) CHClF2
(c) CF3CH2F
Although carbon dioxide is the primary compound discussed with respect to global warming; of the common atmospheric components the global warming potential (GWP) of a carbon dioxide molecule is very low. Which statement best explains this pair of facts? (a) CO2 molecules are highly symmetrical (b) CO2 has a low molar mass (c) CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations (d) CO2 is formed in the combustion of fossil fuels
(c) CO2 exists in relatively high concentrations
Which explanation accounts for the fact that, on average, cloudy nights are warmer than clear nights? (a) Clouds reflect light incoming from the moon (b) H2O does not absorb infrared energy (c) Clouds are composed of water vapor and H2O is a strong greenhouse gas (d) Clouds have a high concentration of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion
(c) Clouds are composed of water vapor and H2O is a strong greenhouse gas
Scientists believe they know the average global temperature over the last 160,000 years. Which property of the ice core samples from Antarctica provides this information? (a) The thickness (b) The carbon dioxide concentration (c) The 1H/2H ratio (d) The temperature
(c) The 1H/2H ratio
Why are HFCs inappropriate for long-term replacement of CFCs? (a) They are flammable (b) They are very toxic (c) They absorb infrared radiation (d) They are an appropriate replacement
(c) They absorb infrared radiation
The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which (a) atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen absorb heat radiated by Earth. (b) atmospheric nitrogen absorbs ultraviolet radiation radiated by Earth. (c) atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by Earth. (d) greenhouse gases absorb ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, warming the molecules.
(c) atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by Earth.
Which has the incorrect name-formula combination? (a) iron (iii) fluoride - FeF3 (b) cobalt (ii) oxide - CoO (c) copper (i) sulfide - CuS (d) chromium (ii) bromide - CrBr2
(c) copper (i) sulfide - CuS
Radiative forcings are (a) geological changes that promote volcanic eruptions. (b) mechanisms for sequestering CO2 endorsed by signers of the Kyoto Protocol. (c) factors that influence the balance of Earth's incoming and outgoing radiation. (d) changes in geographical distribution of plant, animal, and insect species brought on by climate change.
(c) factors that influence the balance of Earth's incoming and outgoing radiation.
Which substances are regulated by the Kyoto Protocol? i. argon ii. carbon dioxide iii. nitrogen iv. nitrous oxide v. sulfur hexafluoride (a) i, ii, and iii only (b) i and iii only (c) ii, iv, and v only (d) ii and v only
(c) ii, iv, and v only
Draw the Lewis Structure of CBr4 and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries. (a) trigonal/planar (b) linear/trigonal pyramidal (c) tetrahedral/tetrahedral (d) planar/trigonal (e) planar/tetrahedral
(c) tetrahedral/tetrahedral
Which group in the periodic table tends to have high electronegativity values? (a) the alkali metals (b) the noble gases (c) the halogens (d) the transition metals
(c) the halogens
What is the correct IUPAC name for V2S3? (a) vanadium sulfite (b) vanadide sulfate (c) vanadium (iii) sulfide (d) hydrate sulfur
(c) vanadium (iii) sulfide
Guess the years: Production and use of CFCs and other ozone depleting agents dramatically decreases. (a) 1960-1970 (b) 1970-1980 (c) 1980-1990 (d) 1990-present
(d) 1990-present
In their fifth and most recent report published in 2014, the vast majority of scientists agreed on several key points. Which of the following is NOT one of those points? (a) If the rate of greenhouse gas emissions is not curtailed, our water resources, food supply, and even our health will suffer (b) Human activities (primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation) are responsible for much of the recent warming (c) The Earth is getting warmer (d) All of these choices were mentioned as key points
(d) All of these choices were mentioned as key points
The O2 molecule breaks apart at lower wavelengths than the O3 molecule. What is the main reason for this? (Hint: Draw the Lewis structures.) (a) O2 is more reactive than O3. (b) O3 is more reactive than O2. (c) The average bond in O3 is shorter and stronger than that of O2. (d) The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3.
(d) The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3.
What is the correct IUPAC name for CS3P? (a) ceside phosphoric (b) cesium phosphoride (c) ceside platinum (d) cesium phosphide
(d) cesium phosphide
Identify possible consequences of global warming. i. A rise in sea level ii. An increase in average relative humidity iii. An increase in forest growth in the Northern Hemisphere iv. A weakening of ocean currents (a) i and iii only (b) i and iv only (c) i, ii, and iv only (d) i, ii, iii, and iv
(d) i, ii, iii, and iv
Methane is approximately 23 times more powerful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. Which are significant sources of methane emissions? i. The digestive systems of ruminants (cows, sheep, etc.) ii. Automobile exhaust iii. Rice cultivation iv. Decaying wetland vegetation (a) i only (b) i and ii only (c) ii only (d) i, iii, and iv only
(d) i, iii, and iv only
Which has the correct name-formula combination? (a) iron (ii) nitride - FeN (b) nickel (ii) oxide - NiO2 (c) titanium (iv) phosphide - TiP (d) manganese (ii) sulfide - MnS
(d) manganese (ii) sulfide - MnS
The carbon cycle refers to the? (a) mechanism by which carbon dioxide causes global warming (b) frequency of light energy that affects the rotational energy of carbon dioxide (c) oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water (d) movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the earth
(d) movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the earth
Which has the correct name-formula combination? (a) barium sulfate - Ba(SO4)2 (b) calcium phosphate - Ca2(PO4)3 (c) lithium sulfate - LiSO4 (d) potassium phosphate - K3PO4
(d) potassium phosphate - K3PO4
In order to halt increases in the amounts of these gases in the Earth's atmosphere, global greenhouse gas emissions must be decreased by 9 billion tons. Which of these would not provide that much relief in global greenhouse gas emissions? (a) Cutting energy usage in the world's buildings by 20-25 percent below business-as-usual (b) Having all cars get 60 mpg instead of 30 mpg (c) Replacing 700 large coal-burning power plants with nuclear, wind, or solar power (d) Capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide at 800 coal-burning power plants (e) None of these choices would provide the needed 9 billion tons
(e) None of these choices would provide the needed 9 billion tons
Which vibrational mode for carbon dioxide is not expected to contribute to the greenhouse effect?
the coil is pulled away from each other