Chemical Basics of Life
Glycerol contains how many molecules of fatty acids?
3
If an isotope of lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its atomic weight is:
7
If the atomic number of an element is 8, how many protons does the element contain?
8
Which of the following would be the result of this formula: ADP + P?
ATP
The simplest units of matter are:
Atoms
Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?
Bicarbonate
Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond?
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
T or F: Copper, fluorine, and iron are major elements of the human body.
False
When two hydrogen atoms bind with two oxygen atoms, the result is:
Hydrogen peroxide
Which of the following is true about ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
It contains the pyrimidine uracil in place of thymine.
Each amino acid differs from other organic substances regarding which of the following?
Nature of the R group
Which of the following is the structural unit of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
A triglyceride consists of which of the following?
One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules
Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are classified as which of the following?
Organic molecules
Which of the following is created between two atoms when a pair of electrons is unequally shared?
Polar covalent bond
An atom's mass is determined mostly by the number of:
Protons and neutrons
The atomic weight of an element's atom equals the number of:
Protons and neutrons
The substances present in a mixture in smaller amounts are called:
Solutes
The formula AB ◊ A + B is to decomposition as the formula A + B ◊ AB is to which of the following?
Synthesis
Which of the following statements is true regarding lipids?
They provide roughly twice the energy of carbohydrates.
Water is a polar molecule with two poles of charge. Which of the following best describes these two poles?
a dipole
Which of the following is the most important high-energy compound in cells?
adenosine triphosphate
Which of the following is the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP?
adenosine triphosphate
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
blood
Chemicals that resist pH changes are called:
buffers
Glycoproteins are combinations of proteins and which of the following?
carbohydrates
Which of the following is the body's most readily available source of energy?
carbohydrates
Which of the following elements is the second most abundant in the human body?
carbon
Ions with a positive charge are referred to as:
cations
Which of the following are examples of structural lipids?
cholesterol and phospholipids
When atoms complete their outer electron shells by sharing electrons, they form which of the following?
covalent bonds
Substances that release ions in water are called:
electrolytes
T or F: A phospholipid consists of a glycerol portion with amino acid chains.
false
T or F: Acidosis is an abnormal physiological state caused by blood pH that is higher than 7.35.
false
T or F: Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.
false
Which of the following is not an example of globular proteins?
fibrous proteins
Which of the following is not an example of an inorganic compound?
glucose
Which of the following is the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body?
glucose
Which of the following is a polysaccharide formed in the liver and in the muscles?
glycogen
Which of the following is the storage carbohydrate of animal tissues?
glycogen
Enzymes are organic catalysts that:
increase the speed of a chemical reaction
Steroid molecules are large molecules of:
lipids
Which of the following lipids is the most abundant in the plasma?
lipoproteins
Isotopes of an element differ in the number of:
neutrons in the nucleus
Which of the following elements is the most plentiful in the human body?
oxygen
Which of the following types of lipids is mostly derived from arachidonic acid existing in all cell membranes and is involved in blood clotting and contractions during labor?
prostaglandin
T or F: Electrons bear a negative electrical charge.
true
T or F: Hydrogen bonds are too weak to bind atoms together to form molecules, but are important intramolecular bonds.
true
T or F: Synthesis is a reaction that occurs when two or more atoms bond to form a more complex product.
true
The most abundant compound in the human body is:
water
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with and result in which of the following?
water, causing decomposition