chemistry

4. A hydrochloric acid solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 6.72 x 10-2 M. What is the pH of the solution? F. 1.17 G. 2.73 H. 3.83 J. 5.14

1.17

6. What is the pH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.2 ×10−2 M? F. 2.08 G. 1.92 H. 1.00 J. 0.080

1.92

10. What is the pH of a solution if it's [H+] = 1x10-11 mol/L ? F. 1 G. 8 H. 9 J. 11

11

1. Which is most likely the pH of a highly basic solution? A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 13

13

3. A sample of fruit juice is found to have a hydrogen ion concentration of 2.87 x 10-4. What would the pH be? A. 2.87 B. 3.54 C. 4.58

3.54

2. Which of the following is most likely the pH of a solution with an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions? F. 2 G. 7 H. 9 J. 13

7

33. This picture is illustrating all of the following except (soda can, soda in a glass, bubbling) A. A chemical change. B. A physical change. C. Effervescence. D. The release of a dissolved gas.

A. A chemical change.

29. An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide reacts completely with a solution of hydrochloric acid. After all the water evaporates from the reaction mixture, what will remain? A. Sodium chloride B. Chlorhydroxide C. Sodium oxide D. Sodium chlorate

A. Sodium chloride

14. When HCl is added to pure water, which of the following will occur? F. The [H+] will increase G. The pH will decrease H. The [OH-] will decrease J. All of these

All of these

23. Match the following definitions of an acid (I, II, III) with its type of definition (a, b, c). Definition I. Adds hydrogen ions II. Blue litmus turns to red III. Donates protons Type a. Arrhenius b. Brønsted-Lowry c. Operational A. I-a; II-b; III-c B. I-a; II-c; III-b C. I-b; II-a; III-c D. I-c; II-b; III-a

B. I-a; II-c; III-b

27. Students are producing a sodium bicarbonate solution. Which of the following would not increase the rate of solubility? A. Agitating the solution B. Increasing the pressure on the solution C. Increasing the surface area of the solute D. Using hot water

B. Increasing the pressure on the solution

41. The reason for water's unique set of properties which make it essential for life on earth can be explained by its: A. Relatively low molar mass. B. Polar covalent structure. C. Moderate freezing and boiling points. D. Lack of taste and odor.

B. Polar covalent structure.

37. A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that is soluble at a given temperature is said to be— A. unsaturated B. saturated C. supersaturated

B. saturated

13. The dissolving of ammonia gas in water creates a basic solution because of the interaction between the NH3 molecules and the water molecules as shown in this equation: NH3 + H2O ----> NH4+ + OH- By who's definition(s) is NH3 a base? A. Arrhenius because it produces OH- ions in water B. Bronsted-Lowry because it is a proton acceptor C. Bronsted-Lowry because it is an electron pair donor D. Arrhenius because it produces NH4+ ions

Bronsted-Lowry because it is a proton acceptor

17. If solution A has a pH of 2 and solution B has a pH of 4, which of the following is true? A. A is twice as acidic as B. B. A is half as acidic as B. C. A is 100 times as acidic as B. D. A is 1/100th as acidic as B.

C. A is 100 times as acidic as B.

43. Detergents make water "wetter" by breaking down the surface tension caused by the polar nature of water molecules attracting them to other water molecules and repelling them from nonpolar molecules. When is this useful in daily life? A. Helping to mix oil and vinegar in salad dressing B. Waterproofing upholstery fabrics C. Emulsifying greasy dirt on dishes D. Drying porous wood surfaces

C. Emulsifying greasy dirt on dishes

45. What property of water makes it "The Universal Solvent"? A. H:O ratio of 2:1 B. High density C. Highly polar molecules D. High surface tension

C. Highly polar molecules

25. Students are producing a sodium nitrate solution. How can the students increase the rate of solubility? A. Increase the pressure B. Increase the volume of solvent C. Increase the temperature D. Increase the amount of solute

C. Increase the temperature

15. What are the products of this neutralization reaction? H2SO4 + 2KOH ---> A. KSO4 + H2O B. 2 KSO3 + 2H2O C. K2SO4 + 2H2O D. K2S + H2O

C. K2SO4 + 2H2O

11. The addition of NaOH to pure water will A. Cause the pH to increase. B. Cause the pH to decrease. C. Not affect the pH. D. Produce a salt water solution with no pH.

Cause the pH to increase.

35. Using the solubility graph below, determine which solution is saturated at 40oC. A. 2 g KCl in 10 g of water B. 20 g of NH4Cl in 50 g of water C. 50 g NaCl in 200 g of water D 9 g of Ce2(SO4)3 in 150 g of water

D 9 g of Ce2(SO4)3 in 150 g of water

39. A teacher is making diluted solutions for the lab. The stock solution is 200 mL of 5M HCl. What volume will the teacher need to obtain a 2M solution? A. 30mL B. 80mL C. 100mL D. 500mL

D. 500mL

31. A restaurant manager wants to find out why some customers are complaining about the iced tea. One urn of tea was available with ice cubes, lemon wedges, and various sweeteners available for customers to add as they wished. Those who preferred traditional iced tea sweetened with sugar said that sugar sank to the bottom of the glass and the tea was not sweet. After surveying customers and employees on how to make the "perfect" glass of sweet iced tea the following procedures have been suggested. Based on what the consultant remembers from high school chemistry what order should be followed to please the customers? I. Bring water to a boil. II. Pour over ice cubes in a glass. III. Add granulated sugar and stir until dissolved. IV. Add tea bags and steep to desired strength. V. Allow to cool to room temperature. A. I, II, III, IV, V B. I, IV, V, II, III C. I, III, II, IV, V D. I, IV, III, V, II

D. I, IV, III, V, II

38. Two students decide to make rock candy at home. They have been studying solutions in chemistry class and hope to apply what they have learned. They recall that the solubility of sucrose in an aqueous solution is about 320g per 100 mL. Their first attempt involves adding a kg of table sugar to a liter of water. They stir until all the sugar dissolves. What is the nature of this solution? F. It is unsaturated. G. It is saturated. H. It is supersaturated. J. It is desaturated.

F. It is unsaturated.

36. Which of the following statements makes a valid conclusion regarding the graph above? F. Temperature has a greater effect on the solubility of potassium nitrate compared to sodium chloride. G. Temperature has a greater effect on the solubility of sodium chloride compared to potassium nitrate. H. At 10 °C, potassium nitrate has a greater solubility when compared to the solubility of sodium chloride. J. At 30 °C, sodium chloride has a greater solubility when compared to the solubility of potassium chloride.

F. Temperature has a greater effect on the solubility of potassium nitrate compared to sodium chloride.

24. "An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water." This is an example of — F. an Arrhenius definition G. a Brønsted-Lowry definition H. an operational definition J. a chemical change definition

F. an Arrhenius definition

18. If solution A has a pH of 10 and solution B has a pH of 11, which of the following is true? F. A is more basic than B G. A is less basic than B H. B is 10% more basic than A J. B and C

G. A is less basic than B

30. In an attempt to produce a super saturated sucrose solution (C12H22O11 (aq) ) which action will not help increase the solubility of the solute? F. Vigorously stirring the solute into the solvent. G. Maintaining the solute and solvent in sterile conditions to keep the solution pure. H. Heating the solvent and then adding the solute. J. Crushing the solute before adding it to the solvent.

G. Maintaining the solute and solvent in sterile conditions to keep the solution pure.

26. Students are preparing a sodium nitrate solution. Which of the following will not increase the rate of solution? F. Use a hot plate to increase the temperature of the water. G. Use a large beaker instead of a small one H. Use a mortar and pestle to crush the NaNO3 crystals. J. Use a stirring rod to agitate the solution.

G. Use a large beaker instead of a small one

40. A nursing student is required to prepare a 0.900M saline solution. What mass of sodium chloride will be needed to make 500.mL of the solution? F. 58.4 grams G. 52.6 grams H. 26.3 grams J. 22.9 grams

H. 26.3 grams

34. The solubility of an unknown substance was tested during an experiment Based on the solubility curve information and the results of the experiment, what is most likely the identity of this unknown solute? F. NaCl G. KCl H. KNO3 J. NaNO3

H. KNO3

5. Which of the following would you most likely find in a solution with a pH of 2? A. NaCl B. H3O+ C. Cl- D. OH-

H3O+

16. Which of the following is a weak Bronsted-Lowry acid? F. HCl G. H2SO4 H. HNO3 J. H2S

J. H2S

44. What property of water contributes to homeostasis in living organisms by helping to maintain a relatively stable temperature? F. High boiling point G. High density H. High polarity J. High specific heat

J. High specific heat

28. Which of the following would increase the rate of dissolution of a solid in a solution? F. Cool the solid and the solution G. Cool only the solid H. Dry up the solvent J. Stir the solid and solution

J. Stir the solid and solution

32. When an investigator pours 100 ml of rubbing alcohol into a beaker containing 100 ml of water and 100 ml of mineral oil they wait 5 minutes and then observe the beaker. It appears that only two liquids are in the beaker though it is filled to the 300 ml mark. An obvious division occurs at the 200 ml mark dividing the liquid into two layers. Which liquid seems to have disappeared and why? F. The oil is soluble in water and seems to disappear; the alcohol has risen to the top and forms a separate layer. G. The water has evaporated; the alcohol and oil remain and have expanded to occupy its volume. H. The oil and alcohol have reacted to form a less dense product but the oil has sunk to the bottom because it is denser. J. The alcohol and water are miscible so they have dissolved into each other and have the same refractive index; the oil is on top as it is less dense

J. The alcohol and water are miscible so they have dissolved into each other and have the same refractive index; the oil is on top as it is less dense

42. Though water is often called the universal solvent, it does not dissolve all chemicals equally well. Identify the compound that is practically insoluble in an aqueous solution. F. sucrose, a carbohydrate G. ethanol, an alcohol H. sodium chloride, an ionic compound J. triglyceride, a lipid

J. triglyceride, a lipid

7. Which of the following reactions is between an acid and a base to produce a salt? A. Neutralization B. Combustion C. Half reaction D. Hydrolysis

Neutralization

12. On the pH scale, the pH of pure water determines what is "neutral", and is given a pH value of "7". Which of the following best explains why the number is "7"? F. Pure water has a [H+] of 1 x 107 mol/L. G. Pure water has both a [H+] of 1 x 10-7 mol/L and a [OH-] of 1 x 10-7 mol/L. H. The number 7 is half way between 0 and 14. J. The total of H+ and OH- ions in pure water is 107 mol/L

Pure water has both a [H+] of 1 x 10-7 mol/L and a [OH-] of 1 x 10-7 mol/L.

8. What color does litmus paper turn when placed in an acidic solution? F. Black G. Blue H. Green J. Red

Red

9. What color does litmus paper turn when placed in ammonia solution? A. Black B. Blue C. Green D. Red

blue