chemistry

Pauli Exclusion

An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction

analogie for remebering order

Santa Please Dont Forget Gifts

to count the number of valence electrons in the electron configuration you must look ..

at the highest numbered energy level in the entire configuration then.. add the electrons together

d what shape

clover

sublevel

corresponds to the different areas of an electron, they can be located in an atom (letter represents them)

principle energy level

describes the average distance of an electron from the nucleus. (n=1,2,3,4,etc)

f is what shape

double clover

p what shape

dumbell

how many electrons can atomic orbitals hold

electron

valence electrons

electrons located in teh outermost energy level (responsible for bonding)

MS (Electron spin quantum number)

electrons spin in two directions only- up spin or down spin

lowest ____ are filled ___

energy level, first

s<p<d<f

energy within an energy level

what do electron configuration show

how electrons are distributed with an atom

LOOOK AT SHEET

how to write the configurations

Hund's Rule

in a sublevel with more than one orbital, put one electron into each orbital before putting 2e- into any one orbital

energy ____ as you move towards the nucleus

increases

electron configuration

is a method of indicating the arrangement of electrons in a particular element or ion

n (principal quantum number)

it is described as the average distance of electrons to the nucleus

m1 (magnetic quantum number)

orientation of the orbital in 3-D space

n

principle quantam number

what is like an electrons address?

quantam numbers

with an energy level fill ___, ___, ___, then ___

s,p,d,then f

quantam mechanical model

says we cannot pinpoint where an electron is, but we can get the probality of where the electron is

l (angular momentum quantum number)

shape of orbitals (sublevels)

s (spherical) what shape

sphere

within each energy levels, electrons occupy ____

sublevels

Atonomic orbital

sublevels can be oriented different ways in 3D spaces, and each different orientations is it

when writing noble gases, pick..

the closest noble gas to the element you are writing the configuration for that comes before that element

the larger the value,

the further from the nucleus

d block is

the middle outside of column 2 and in front of column 12

what do electrons prefer to occupy..

the orbitals that prefer the least amount of energy

Quantam Numbers

used to describe the distribution of electrons in atoms

energy level 1 hold how many electrons

2

s sublevel has # of Electron

2

energy level 2 holds

2s 2p

p sublevel has # of atomic orbital

3

energy level 4 holds how many electrons

32

energy level 3 holds

3s. 3p. 3d

energy level 4 holds

4s 4p 4d 4f

d sublevel has # of atomic orbitals

5

energy level 5 holds

5s 5p 5d 5f 5g

p sublevel has # of electrons

6

f sublevel has # of atomic orbitals

7

energy level 2 holds how many electrons

8

g sublevel has # number of atomic orbitals

9

energy level 3 holds how many electrons

18

g has # number of electrons per orbital

18

nobel gases are the elements located in group

18

electrons fill the __ energy level then the ___ before the ___, etc

1rst, 2nd, 3rd

energy level 1 holds

1s

D BLOCK holds how many valence electrons

2

s sublevel #of Atomic Orbital

1

s block is columns

1 and 2

d sublevel has # of electrons

10

f sublevel has # number of electrons

14

Aufbau Principle

Electrons enter sublevels with the lowest energy first

noble gases are

He, Ne, Ar, Xe, Kr, Rn, Og