Chemistry ( Atom scientists)

Orbital P

3 Orbitals, Holds 6 electrons_ _ _

Orbital D

5 Orbitals, Holds 10 electrons_ _ _ _ _

Orbital F

7 Orbitals, Holds 14 electrons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ml(Quantum number)

Specific orbital -1.....0.....+1

Ms (Quantum number)

Spin number! Positive half, Negative Half

Speed of light

Symbolized by C= 3.00*10 (EE8) M/S or meter per second

Wave frequency

The amount of waves that pass a given point in a specified amount of time. Symbolized by a V

Schrodinger ( Quantum Mechanical Model)

Comes up with a theory known as the Heisnber uncertainty principle: A thoery based on the idea that if you know how fast something is going you dont know its location, and if you know the location you wont know the speed. So its based on the PROBABILITY of where any electron could be in a electron cloud. He creates the Shrodinger wave equation with the variables x, y,z (3D) He states that at any point the KENETIC ENEGERY, (- or +) Attraction AND DISTANCE, all were important in guessing the location of a electron. Potential and Kinetic energy played a huge role in his equation

Dalton (1800)

Comes up with the five postuates, Atoms combine in whole numbers to form compounds. He also creates the first drawing of an atom "0" an empty circle. He believed it was neutrally charged. 1.) Elements are made up of Atoms. 2.) Atoms of a given element are identical. 3.) Atoms of different elements are different. 4.)

Rutherford (Early 1900s)

Does famous Gold foil experiment. Shoots Alpha particels (2protons and 2neutrons) 7,000x the size of a regular atom. He believed that they would go through the gold foil, but very few bounced back which made him come to the conclusion that there was a massive and extremly dense area within the atom. He came up with the idea of the (+) Neutron. Adding it into the previous atom model by whom?

Milikan (1913)

Does the oil drop experiment, He places a (+) charged top plate and a (-) charged bottom plate in a canister, when he drops the (-) Charged oil into the water, he notices that they float to the top, signifiying a negative charged atom. From this he calculates the CHARGE AND MASS of ELECTRONS. ( No new model made)

Wave Energy

E= H or 6.6262 (EE-34) X (V)

Democritus (400 B.C)

He came up with the concept that you can break anything down to the smallest "particle" that will still have all the properties of the bigger substance. They Became Known as Atoms

Bohr (late 1917)

He looks at Rutherfords Model and questions why the (+) Nucleous doesnt attract the (-) Electrons surrounding it. He looks into a gas emission tube and views that varied bright lines of light. He came to the conclusion that electrons give off a fixed amount of energy, that give off specific colors. He fixed the model of the atom, when he thinks of orbits that would keep the electrons a certain distance from the nucleus. He said that they can move and give of energy but cant be in between orbits. This modle only really worked for Hydrogen (Which he had worked with) It also didn't explain how the electrons could move and changed energy levels.

Schrodinger's Answer

How can one electron go from one energy level to another without getting in between? He Creates a orbital diagram that shows alot of OVERLAPPING orbitals. On electon that has a certain amount of potential energy can change its kenetic (Movemnt) energy and change energy levels. It will remain the same distance away but will have moved into a different energy orbital.

Wave length

Measurement from peak to peak. Symbolized by a a hooked upside down Y

Orbital S

One orbital, Hold 2 Electrons, _

l (Quantum number)

Orbital types S=0 P=1 D=2 F=3

N(Quantum Numbers)

The principle quantum or Coefficent (1......7)

JJ Thompson (Late1800's)

Use the crooks tube in an experiment comming up with the conclusion that Light had negative electrons. Because something within the light was attracted to the positive magnentic pull. "Opposites attract." He also came up with the Plum pudding Atom, Daltons modle with negative marks in it reminded him of the pudding.

Equation that helps calculate energy

V= C/Y